Biology - Study Guide
8th Edition
ISBN: 9780321501561
Author: Martha R. Taylor
Publisher: PEARSON EDUCATION (COLLEGE)
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Chapter 26, Problem 5TYK
Summary Introduction
Introduction: Different organisms possess same structural characteristics because they evolve from the same ancestor, but the function of these similar structures may vary in different organisms. Some organisms are distantly related that may have the similar or dissimilar structures, but these structures share the same functions and evolved independently. This type of evolution is called convergent evolution.
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Researchers have found fossils of Eocene horse species in Colorado. Deeper deposits contain smaller species, and more recent deposits contain larger species. How does this observation support the theory of evolution?
A.
It provides evidence that species change over time.
B.
It does not support the theory of evolution.
C.
It shows that all species are related to each other.
D.
It proves that environments have changed over time.
E.
It suggests that species are unchanging and of recent origin.
Which of the following terms most specifically describes what occurs when a group of organisms expands to take on new ecological roles, forming new species and higher taxonomic groups in the process? (a) speciation (b) mass extinction (c) evolution (d) adaptive radiation
Adaptive radiation is common following a period of mass extinction, probably because (a) the survivors of a mass extinction are remarkably well adapted to their environment (b) the unchanging environment following a mass extinction drives the evolutionary process (c) many adaptive zones are empty(d) many ecological niches are filled (e) the environment induces changes in the timing of development for many species
Chapter 26 Solutions
Biology - Study Guide
Ch. 26 - a. In this hypothetical phylogenetic tree, which...Ch. 26 - What two complications may make it difficult to...Ch. 26 - Place the taxa (outgroup. A, B, C, and D) on the...Ch. 26 - Prob. 4IQCh. 26 - a. Give an example of genes that would be compared...Ch. 26 - Prob. 6IQCh. 26 - Prob. 7IQCh. 26 - Prob. 1SYKCh. 26 - Prob. 2SYKCh. 26 - Prob. 3SYK
Ch. 26 - Related families are grouped into the next-highest...Ch. 26 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 26 - Prob. 3TYKCh. 26 - Prob. 4TYKCh. 26 - Prob. 5TYKCh. 26 - Prob. 6TYKCh. 26 - Prob. 7TYKCh. 26 - Prob. 8TYKCh. 26 - A taxon such as the class Reptiliawhich includes...Ch. 26 - You wish to study evolutionary relationships among...Ch. 26 - Prob. 11TYKCh. 26 - Prob. 12TYKCh. 26 - Prob. 13TYKCh. 26 - Prob. 14TYKCh. 26 - Prob. 15TYKCh. 26 - Which of the following approaches would allow a...Ch. 26 - A comparative study of which of the following...Ch. 26 - Prob. 18TYKCh. 26 - Which of the following segments of DNA would...Ch. 26 - Which of the following is the best description of...Ch. 26 - Prob. 21TYK
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- The pupfishes in the Death Valley region are an example of which evolutionary process? (a) background extinction (b) allopatric speciation (c) sympatric speciation (d) allopolyploidy (e) paedomorphosisarrow_forwardAardvarks, anteaters, and pangolins are only distantly related but are similar in structure and form as a result of (a) homology (b) convergent evolution (c) biogeography (d) vestigial structures (e) artificial selectionarrow_forwardThrough _______, a body part of an ancestor is modified differently in different lines of descent. a. homologous evolution c. adaptive divergence b. morphological convergence d. morphological divergencearrow_forward
- The Hawaiian silverswords are an excellent example of which evolutionary process? (a) allometry (b) preadaptation (c) microevolution (d) adaptive radiation (e) extinctionarrow_forwardAfter the mass extinction that occurred 65 million years ago, mammals rapidly diversified to occupy habitats that were previously unavailable to them. What concept does this illustrate? A. Adaptive radiation B. Cretaceous selection C. Reproductive isolationD. Heterozygote advantagearrow_forwardThe three beetle species live in the same ecosystem, and they likely evolved from the ancestral species that colonized the region. Which statement best explains how descent with modification influenced speciation in these beetles? A. The ancestral species carried neutral gene mutations that spontaneously caused speciation when they colonized the region. B. The ancestral species randomly diverged into three species before colonization and then colonized the regions that best suited their new adaptations. C. After colonization, small groups separated from the rest of the ancestral species and developed different adaptations that helped them survive and reproduce. D. After colonization, the large group interbred until they developed enough neutral genetic mutations for speciation to occur.arrow_forward
- An octopus and an owl both have large eyes with similar structures. If their most recent common ancestor lacked eyes what is the reason for the similarity? Group of answer choices a. genetic drift b. convergent evolution c. mutation d. homology e. gene flowarrow_forwardWhat is an Analogy? A) When an anatomic feature is shared among organisms and their descendants B) When two organisms appear the same C) When convergent evolution produces similar phenotypesarrow_forwardSeveral very distantly related species (e.g., bats, birds, insects) have evolved the capability of flight. The most recent common ancestor of insects and vertebrates likely lived over 500 million years ago and was flightless. This independent evolution of flight in multiple, distantly related taxa is an example of what evolutionary process/pattern? a. Evolutionary reversal b. Convergent evolution c. Speciation d. Synapomorphyarrow_forward
- Which of the following is likely a reason why evolutionary radiation would occur on islands? A) there are many more species on islands B) islands tend to have more favourable habitats than continents because they are moderated by the ocean C) islands may have fewer animal and plant groups and thus provide more ecological opportunities D) organisms can disperse easily across oceans E) islands often have more diverse habitats than continentsarrow_forwardAssume you are studying the fossil record of a certain lineage of sharks. You find that sharks in this lineage will maintain the same morphology for long periods of time and only rapidly change their morphology during a speciation event. The evidence you uncover is supportive of which of the following theories? a. Punctuated Equilibrium b. Gradualism c. Start and Stasis d. Increased Net Tempoarrow_forwardThe _________________ model proposes that modern humans are the most recent morphological form in a species that has been around for nearly 2 million years. a. Multiregional Evolution (MRE) b. Multiple Dispersal (MD) c. Recent African Origin (RAO) d. Recent African Origin-HYbrid(RAO-H)arrow_forward
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