EBK CONCEPTS OF GENETICS
12th Edition
ISBN: 9780134818979
Author: Killian
Publisher: YUZU
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Chapter 26, Problem 3PDQ
Price et al. [(1999). J. Bacteriol 181:2358-2362) conducted a genetic study of the toxin transport protein (PA) of Bacillus anthracis, the bacterium that causes anthrax in humans. Within the 2294-
- (a) Which types of nucleotide changes (missense or synonyms) cause amino acid changes?
- (b) What is meant by “horizontal transfer”?
- (c) On what basis did the authors conclude that evidence of horizontal transfer is absent from their data?
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Price et al. [(1999). J. Bacteriol. 181:2358–2362] conducteda genetic study of the toxin transport protein (PA) of Bacillusanthracis, the bacterium that causes anthrax in humans. Withinthe 2294-nucleotide gene in 26 strains they identified five pointmutations—two missense and three synonyms—among differentisolates. Necropsy samples from an anthrax outbreak in 1979revealed a novel missense mutation and five unique nucleotidechanges among ten victims. The authors concluded that thesedata indicate little or no horizontal transfer between differentB. anthracis strains.
Question: Which types of nucleotide changes (missense or synonyms)cause amino acid changes?
Price et al. [(1999). J. Bacteriol. 181:2358–2362] conducteda genetic study of the toxin transport protein (PA) of Bacillusanthracis, the bacterium that causes anthrax in humans. Withinthe 2294-nucleotide gene in 26 strains they identified five pointmutations—two missense and three synonyms—among differentisolates. Necropsy samples from an anthrax outbreak in 1979revealed a novel missense mutation and five unique nucleotidechanges among ten victims. The authors concluded that thesedata indicate little or no horizontal transfer between differentB. anthracis strains.
Question: On what basis did the authors conclude that evidence ofhorizontal transfer is absent from their data?
Robert Bost and Richard Cribbs studied a strain of E. coli (araB14) that possessed a nonsense mutation in the structural gene that encodes Lribulokinase, an enzyme that allows the bacteria to metabolize the sugar arabinose (R. Bost and R. Cribbs. 1969. Genetics 62:1–8). From the araB14 strain, they isolated some bacteria that possessed mutations that caused them to revert back to the wild type. Genetic analysis of these revertants showed that they possessed two different suppressor mutations. One suppressor mutation (R1) was linked to the original mutation in L-ribulokinase and probably occurred at the same locus. By itself, this mutation allowed the production of L-ribulokinase, but the enzyme produced was not as effective in metabolizing arabinose as the enzyme encoded by the wild-type allele. The second suppressor mutation (SuB) was not linked to the original mutation. In conjunction with the R1 mutation, SuB allowed the production of L-ribulokinase, but SuB by itself was not able…
Chapter 26 Solutions
EBK CONCEPTS OF GENETICS
Ch. 26 - The ability to taste the compound...Ch. 26 - Determine whether the following two sets of data...Ch. 26 - If the albino phenotype occurs in 1/10,000...Ch. 26 - A prospective groom, who is unaffected, has a...Ch. 26 - In a region of Quebec, Canada, 1 in 22 people are...Ch. 26 - Critics argue that a uniform panel of disorders...Ch. 26 - Others argue that the current testing system...Ch. 26 - HOW DO WE KNOW? Population geneticists study...Ch. 26 - CONCEPT QUESTION Read the Chapter Concepts list on...Ch. 26 - Price et al. [(1999).J. Bacteriol181:2358-2362)...
Ch. 26 - The genetic difference between two Drosophila...Ch. 26 - The use of nucleotide sequence data to measure...Ch. 26 - Prob. 6PDQCh. 26 - What must be assumed in order to validate the...Ch. 26 - In a population where only the total number of...Ch. 26 - If 4 percent of a population in equilibrium...Ch. 26 - Consider a population in which the frequency of...Ch. 26 - If the initial allele frequencies are p = 0.5 and...Ch. 26 - Under what circumstances might a lethal dominant...Ch. 26 - Assume that a recessive autosomal disorder occurs...Ch. 26 - One of the first Mendelian traits identified in...Ch. 26 - Describe how populations with substantial genetic...Ch. 26 - Achondroplasia is a dominant trait that causes a...Ch. 26 - Prob. 17PDQCh. 26 - Prob. 18PDQCh. 26 - A botanist studying water lilies in an isolated...Ch. 26 - A farmer plants transgenic Bt corn that is...Ch. 26 - In an isolated population of 50 desert bighorn...Ch. 26 - To increase genetic diversity in the bighorn sheep...Ch. 26 - What genetic changes take place during speciation?Ch. 26 - Some critics have warned that the use of gene...Ch. 26 - Prob. 25PDQCh. 26 - What are the two groups of reproductive isolating...Ch. 26 - A form of dwarfism known as Ellisvan Creveld...Ch. 26 - The original source of new alleles, upon which...Ch. 26 - A number of comparisons of nucleotide sequences...Ch. 26 - Shown below are two homologous lengths of the...Ch. 26 - Recent reconstructions of evolutionary history are...
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- Robert Bost and Richard Cribbs studied a strain of E. coli (araB14) that possessed a nonsense mutation in the structural gene that encodes Lribulokinase, an enzyme that allows the bacteria to metabolize the sugar arabinose (R. Bost and R. Cribbs. 1969. Genetics 62:1–8). From the araB14 strain, they isolated some bacteria that possessed mutations that caused them to revert back to the wild type. Genetic analysis of these revertants showed that they possessed two different suppressor mutations. One suppressor mutation (R1) was linked to the original mutation in L-ribulokinase and probably occurred at the same locus. By itself, this mutation allowed the production of L-ribulokinase, but the enzyme produced was not as effective in metabolizing arabinose as the enzyme encoded by the wild-type allele. The second suppressor mutation (SuB) was not linked to the original mutation. In conjunction with the R1 mutation, SuB allowed the production of L-ribulokinase, but SuB by itself was not able…arrow_forwardA research group is studying a bacterium X that binds to mucosal cells in the lung and invades. Wildtype X has an LD50 value of 10 bacteria when administered to mice by inhalation. Using transposon mutagenesis, the researchers have isolated two mutants of X that they call Xmut1 and Xmut2, both of which have LD50 values of 105 when inhaled by mice. However, in tissue culture cells, Xmut1 can invade the cells just as well as wild-type X, while Xmut2 cannot. Provide a possible explanation for these results.arrow_forwardPrice et al. [(1999). J. Bacteriol. 181:2358–2362] conducteda genetic study of the toxin transport protein (PA) of Bacillusanthracis, the bacterium that causes anthrax in humans. Withinthe 2294-nucleotide gene in 26 strains they identified five pointmutations—two missense and three synonyms—among differentisolates. Necropsy samples from an anthrax outbreak in 1979revealed a novel missense mutation and five unique nucleotidechanges among ten victims. The authors concluded that thesedata indicate little or no horizontal transfer between differentB. anthracis strains. Question: What is meant by ”horizontal transfer”?arrow_forward
- Robert Bost and Richard Cribbs studied a strain of E. coli (araB14)that possessed a nonsense mutation in the structural gene that encodes Lribulokinase,an enzyme that allows the bacteria to metabolize the sugararabinose (R. Bost and R. Cribbs. 1969. Genetics 62:1–8). From thearaB14 strain, they isolated some bacteria that possessed mutations thatcaused them to revert back to the wild type. Genetic analysis of theserevertants showed that they possessed two different suppressormutations. One suppressor mutation (R1) was linked to the originalmutation in L-ribulokinase and probably occurred at the same locus. Byitself, this mutation allowed the production of L-ribulokinase, but theenzyme produced was not as effective in metabolizing arabinose as theenzyme encoded by the wild-type allele. The second suppressormutation (SuB) was not linked to the original mutation. In conjunctionwith the R1 mutation, SuB allowed the production of L-ribulokinase, butSuB by itself was not able to suppress the…arrow_forwardBacteriophage P22 was used in generalized transduction experiments to infect the Salmonella typhimurium donor strains described in the table below. The resulting phage lysates were then used to infect the S. typhimurium recipient strains listed in the table. In each cross, a phenotype was selected for one of the three genetic markers studied (str, aceA, thrA), and then replicates were performed to select the corresponding recombinants for the other two markers. The results are given in the following table: Recipient strain Selected phenotype Selected recombinants Donor strain str thrA aceA+ thrA str aceA+ strs thrA+ aceA thrA+ str aceA Str Ace+ Str ThrA ThrA+ ThrA ThrA+ Ace Ace str: gene involved in streptomycin resistance, aceA gene involved in the use of acetate as a carbon source, thrA: gene involved in the biosynthesis of threonine. Number 60 40 95 5 10 90 Determine the order of the genes and draw a genetic map showing this orderarrow_forwardWe have two specific strains of E. coli that have shown horizontal gene transfer (HGT) when mixed. To experimentally determine the method of HGT that is happening, the following conditions are set up in different tubes of culture media: A) Donor and recipient strain mixed together (control - no treatment). B) Donor and recipient strains mixed together, DNase added (can digest DNA in solution, not within cells).C) Special tube containing a membrane filter (with pores that allow DNA and viruses to pass through, but not bacterial cells) that separates two compartments. Donor strain is added on one side, the recipient strain on the other (they are separated by the filter).D) Donor and recipient strains mixed together, with chemical that inactivates viruses (chemical affects bacteriophages in solution so they are unable to attach to cells). The results: Tubes A, B, and D: HGT was observed. Tube C: HGT was NOT observed. Based on this, which type of HGT was occurring? Conjugation,…arrow_forward
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