Modified Mastering Microbiology with Pearson eText -- Standalone Access Card -- for Brock Biology of Microorganisms (15th Edition)
15th Edition
ISBN: 9780134631530
Author: Michael T. Madigan, Kelly S. Bender, Daniel H. Buckley, W. Matthew Sattley, David A. Stahl
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 26.7, Problem 1CR
Phagocytosis is the engulfing of infectious particles by phagocytes. Engulfed pathogens are bathed in toxic oxygen compounds inside the phagolysosome, killing and degrading them. However, some pathogens have developed various defense mechanisms to avoid or inhibit phagocytes, including secretion of leukocidins, the presence of a capsule, and biosynthesis of carotenoid pigments, which combat oxidative stress.
Explain how phagocytes kill microorganisms, with particular attention to oxygen-dependent mechanisms. Then identify at least three properties of pathogens that inhibit the effectiveness of phagocytes.
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Chapter 26 Solutions
Modified Mastering Microbiology with Pearson eText -- Standalone Access Card -- for Brock Biology of Microorganisms (15th Edition)
Ch. 26.1 - What major class of immune cells mediates an...Ch. 26.1 - Prob. 2MQCh. 26.1 - Compare and contrast the major features of innate...Ch. 26.2 - Describe host tissue specificity for pathogens.Ch. 26.2 - Identify physical and chemical barriers to...Ch. 26.2 - What other factors may control the outcome of an...Ch. 26.2 - Identify at least four mechanisms by which a...Ch. 26.3 - Describe the circulation of a leukocyte from the...Ch. 26.3 - What soluble molecules determine whether a...Ch. 26.3 - Cells involved in innate and adaptive immunity...
Ch. 26.4 - How does the development of B, T, and NK cells...Ch. 26.4 - Distinguish between the primary lymphoid organs...Ch. 26.4 - Leukocytes are differentiated white blood cells...Ch. 26.5 - Although technically not part of the immune...Ch. 26.5 - Describe the mechanisms by which circulating...Ch. 26.5 - Pathogens may colonize host tissues when...Ch. 26.6 - Identify a PAMP shared by a group of...Ch. 26.6 - Outline the general features of a signal...Ch. 26.6 - Innate recognition of common pathogens occurs...Ch. 26.7 - Identify the mechanism used by phagocytes to...Ch. 26.7 - Describe several reasons why phagocytes are not...Ch. 26.7 - Phagocytosis is the engulfing of infectious...Ch. 26.8 - Prob. 1MQCh. 26.8 - Identify the major symptoms of localized...Ch. 26.8 - Fever and inflammation, characterized by pain,...Ch. 26.9 - In what ways does the classical pathway of...Ch. 26.9 - What is opsonization, and how does opsonization...Ch. 26.9 - Why are the mannose-binding lectin and alternative...Ch. 26.9 - The complement system is composed of soluble...Ch. 26.10 - Prob. 1MQCh. 26.10 - Prob. 2MQCh. 26.10 - Prob. 1CRCh. 26 - Prob. 1AQCh. 26 - Describe the potential problems that would arise...Ch. 26 - Prob. 3AQCh. 26 - Prob. 4AQ
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- Shigella, Mycobacterium, and numerous other pathogens have developedmechanisms that prevent them from being killed by phagocytes.a. Suggest two or three factors that help them avoid destruction bythe powerful antiseptics in macrophages.b. Suggest the potential implications that these infected macrophagescan have on the development of disease.arrow_forwardNearly all immune deficiency diseases that result in impaired TH17 and ILC3 function lead to chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis (CMC), usually accompanied by increased susceptibility to pyogenic bacterial infections. However, a subset of these patients also show increased susceptibility to intracellular bacterial infections, such as those caused by Mycobacteria species. What is the explanation for why some, but not all, of these patients have increased susceptibility to intracellular bacteria and which patients fall into this category?arrow_forwardIn the antibody-mediated immune response, the binding of some antigen-presenting B cells to helper T cells initiates a signal transduction pathway that transforms the B cells into plasma cells, which will synthesize and secrete large quantities of antibodies-a specialized subset of proteins responsible for attaching to the antigen on the outer surface of pathogens. Which of the following describes the most relevant intracellular change to B cells as they are transformed into plasma cells? A B a breakdown of some membrane-bound proteins to allow synthesized antibodies to more readily diffuse across the membrane of the plasma cell с an increase in the surface area of the rough endoplasmic reticulum in order to allow the binding of a large number of ribosomes for antibody synthesis D an increase in the number of lysosomes in order to facilitate the storage of synthesized antibodies ahead of their transport out of the cell an increase in the volume of the mitochondria in order to increase…arrow_forward
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