What Is Life? A Guide to Biology with Physiology
4th Edition
ISBN: 9781319065447
Author: Jay Phelan
Publisher: W. H. Freeman
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Chapter 27, Problem 11MC
Summary Introduction
Introduction:
Allergies occur when the immune system reacts to what should be harmless, common substances in the environment.
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- Hypothetically, HPV was used to cure cancer where the cancer was recognized to be foreign by our host immune response. So therefore, which of the following best illustrates how HPV was used to cure cancer?a. The HPV induced a type IV hypersensitivity immune responseb. The HPV induced a type III hypersensitivity immune responsec. The HPV induced a type II hypersensitivity immune responsed. The HPV induced a type I hypersensitivity immune responsee. The HPV induced a type IV autoimmune responsearrow_forwardof the choices, which cells stimulate directly B cells to divide and produce antibodies? a. mast cells b. marcophages c. Nk cells d. TH cellsarrow_forwardAn epitope associates with which part of an antigen receptoror antibody?(A) the tail(B) the heavy-chain constant regions only(C) variable regions of a heavy chain and light chaincombined(D) the light-chain constant regions onlyarrow_forward
- Examine the following graph from the Romansik et al. (2007) study. How can the mitotic index be used as a predictor of survivability for mast cell cancer? Use your own words and be detailed in your explanation, citing evidence from the data shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2arrow_forwardThe process of generating the diversity of T cell receptors as t cells mature is done how? a. through inherited exposure to antigens in utero b. None of these c. Through a process of exposure to antigens from the environment d. Through random recombination of the genes used to code for T cell receptorsarrow_forwardIf you examined regions of the parasitophorous vacuole that were coated with host cell IRG proteins, you would expect a to find MAF1 affiliated with IRG in this region. b to find ROP18 proteins affiliated with IRG in this region. c to find both MAF1 and ROP18 proteins affiliated with IRG in this region. d to find the host immune system unable to detect and destroy the pathogen. e to find the host immune system poking holes in the vacuole in this region.arrow_forward
- Once HPV reaches the stratum basale to replicate, roughly how long would it be before the test results would show a positive result?arrow_forwardResearchers can make monoclonal antibodies by immunizing a mouse with a molecule (or with a microorganism). The resulting antibody-mediated response produces a set of antibodies that recognize different parts of the molecule. The mouse's B cells are then harvested from its spleen and fused with cancerous B cells from a myeloma cell line. The resulting hybrid myeloma ("hybridoma") cells are cloned: Individual cells are grown in tissue culture as separate cell lines. Each cell line produces and secretes antibodies that recognize one part of the immunizing molecule. These antibodies are called monoclonal antibodies, and they can be purified and used for research or other purposes. Monoclonal antibodies are effective for passive immunization, but only in the immediate term. Antibodies produced by one's own immune system can last up to about six months in the bloodstream, but monoclonals delivered in passive immunization often last for less than a week. Why the difference?arrow_forwardWhat would be the most likely effect of a mutation that causes cyclin B to be unable to bind to CDK? a. Cells pass through the G2/M checkpoint and enter mitosis even when DNA has not been replicated. b. Cells never pass through the G1/S checkpoint. c. Cells pass through mitosis more quickly than nonmutated cells. d. Cells fail to pass through the G2/M checkpoint and do not enter mitosis.arrow_forward
- Look again at Fig. 43.12. Imagine that a different novel antigen is added on day 40 rather than a second injection of the same antigen. Would you predict that there would be a primary or a secondary response to this second antigen?arrow_forwardWhy is it easier to manipulate embryonic stem cells to differentiate into various tissues than it is to manipulate a typical adult cell? a. As cells develop, signaling pathways can cause some genes to be turned off during development. b. Adult cells have different DNA content than do embryonic stem cells. c. Emybronic stem cells pose less of a threat for organ rejection as do an individual s own adult cells. d. It is no easier to manipulate emybronic stem cells to differentiate into various tissues than it is to manipulate a typical adult cell.arrow_forwardWhich cell recognizes stressed cells in the absence of expressed MHC or antibodies? A. B lymphocyte B. dendritic cell C. natural killer (NK) cell D. macrophagearrow_forward
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Immune response: summary; Author: Dr Bhavsar Biology;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ADANgHkX4OY;License: Standard Youtube License