(a)
Interpretation:
The conversion of rate of energy expenditure from
Concept introduction:
The set of complex compounds which are responsible for migration of the electrons from the electron donors to the acceptors of the electrons with help of the
Answer to Problem 12P
The conversion of rate of energy expenditure from
Explanation of Solution
The given rate of energy expenditure corresponding to a
The conversion of watt into kilojoules per second is done below.
So, the value of rate of energy expenditure in kilojoules per second becomes
The conversion of watt into kilocalories per second is done below.
So, the value of rate of energy expenditure in kilocalories per second becomes
Therefore, the value of rate of energy expenditure, that is
(b)
Interpretation:
The total number of electrons which flows through the mitochondrial electron-transport chain per second under the mentioned conditions is to be stated.
Concept introduction:
The set of complex compounds which are responsible for migration of the electrons from the electron donors to the acceptors of the electrons with help of the redox reactions is known as electron transport chain. This electron transport chain also helps in the coupling of transferred electrons with protons transfer inside and outside the cell membrane.
Answer to Problem 12P
The total number of electrons which flows through the mitochondrial electron-transport chain per second under the mentioned conditions is
Explanation of Solution
The given rate of energy expenditure corresponding to a
According to the unit concept, one watt equals to one ampere as watt is used for the measurement of current flow. The half-reactions that takes place during the mitochondrial electron-transport chain is given below.
So, the total potential difference of the two half-reactions is
The relation between watt
Substitute the value of watt and volt in the above expression.
As
Therefore, the total number of electrons which flows through the mitochondrial electron-transport chain per second is
(c)
Interpretation:
The corresponding rate of ATP production is to be stated.
Concept introduction:
The molecule which helps in the migration of energy produced during the breakdown of food to the other processes of cells is known adenosine triphosphate or ATP molecule. ATP contains adenine as nitrogenous base, a ribose sugar and three phosphate groups.
Answer to Problem 12P
The corresponding rate of ATP production is
Explanation of Solution
The given rate of energy expenditure corresponding to a
The relation between the total numbers of electrons moving through electron transport chain and the total number of ATP molecules produced is that
Thus, the total number of ATP molecules produced by
The molar concentration of ATP molecules is calculated by the expression given below.
Substitute number of molecules and Avogadro’s number in above formula.
Therefore, the corresponding rate of ATP production is
(d)
Interpretation:
The total time in which an ATP molecule turns over in a person at rest is to be stated.
Concept introduction:
The molecule which helps in the migration of energy produced during the breakdown of food to the other processes of cells is known adenosine triphosphate or ATP molecule. ATP contains adenine as nitrogenous base, a ribose sugar and three phosphate groups.
Answer to Problem 12P
The total time in which an ATP molecule turns over in a person at rest is
Explanation of Solution
The total given ATP content of the body is
The rate of ATP production is
The molar mass of ATP is
The mass of ATP is calculated by the expression given below.
Substitute the value of moles and molar mass of TAP in the above expression.
The conversion of
Therefore, the mass of ATP becomes,
The total time for ATP turn over is calculated by dividing the given mass of TAP content in body with
Therefore, the total time in which an ATP molecule turns over in a person at rest is
Want to see more full solutions like this?
Chapter 27 Solutions
Biochemistry
- Effects of Changing Metabolite Concentrations on Glycolysis In an erythrocyte undergoing glycolysis what would be the effect of a sudden increase in the concentration of a. AΤP? b. AMP? c. fructose-1.6-bisphosphate? d. fructose-2, 6-bisphosphate? e. citrate? f. glucose-6-phospthate?arrow_forwardUnderstanding the Oxidation of Glucose and Its Products in the TCA Cycle Glycolysis, the pyruvate dehydrogenase reaction, and the TCA cycle result in complete oxidation of a molecule of glucose to CO2. Review the calculation of oxidation numbers for individual atoms in any molecule, and then calculate the oxidation numbers of the carbons of glucose, pyruvate, the acetyl carbons of acetyl-CoA. and the metabolites of the TCA cycle to convince yourself that complete oxidation of glucose involves removal of 24 electrons and that each acetyl-CoA through the TCA cycle gives up 8 electrons.arrow_forwardWhy bother to eat? What are the three primary uses for cellular energy?arrow_forward
- (a) Compare beta oxidation in respiration to glycolysis. (b) If you were suddenly very frightened, what would happen to your FFA (i.e., free fatty acid) level and why?arrow_forwardConsidering the fatty acids: (a) Arachidic acid (C20H40O2); molar mass = 312.5 g/mol) (b) Palmitoleic acid (C16H30O2); molar mass = 256.4 g/mol). How many cycles of β -oxidation are needed for complete oxidation? How many molecules of acetyl CoA are formed from its complete catabolism? How can you calculate the number of molecules (moles) of ATP formed (net) by the complete catabolism of each fatty acid? and the number of moles of ATP formed per gram of each fatty acid metabolized??arrow_forwardDetermine the total yield of ATP for the complete oxidation of 1 molecule of 3-phosphoglycerate. Show the work and reasoning, and indicate how many ATP, NADH, and FADH2 are formed and in which steps. Include ATP produced in the electron transport chain. Express the answer as a rangearrow_forward
- Energy production pathway in targeted by drugs in the malignant (cancerous) cells to control an X cancer type. Use your speculation and tell targeting and destroying which one energy-producing agent of the oxidative phosphorylation will be most effective in blocking most of the energy and why?arrow_forwardCalculate the net ATP yield from the complete processing of a saturated fatty acid containing 17 carbons. Consider the β-oxidation steps, processing of acetyl-CoA through the citric acid cycle, and electron transport.arrow_forwardA. Provide a reasonable mechanism for the production of geranyl pyrophosphate from IPP andDMAPPB. How many molecules of IPP and how many molecules of DMAPP would you need to makefarnesyl pyrophosphatearrow_forward
- Glycerophospholipids Phosphatidylethanolamine 2. Calculate the net ATP yield per fatty acid after complete oxidation. Show your solution using a table of pathways, reducing equivalents, and ATParrow_forwardDetermine how many ATP are formed in the complete oxidation of 1 mole of succinate. Include the ATP produced during the electron transport chain. Explain the reasoning clearly, and express the answer as a range.arrow_forwardUsing a biochemical map and text describe the process by which lactate is recycled from the muscle to liver for gluconeogenesis during high intensity exercise (e.g. a soccer match).arrow_forward
- BiochemistryBiochemistryISBN:9781305577206Author:Reginald H. Garrett, Charles M. GrishamPublisher:Cengage Learning