Study Guide for Campbell Biology
11th Edition
ISBN: 9780134443775
Author: Lisa A. Urry, Michael L. Cain, Steven A. Wasserman, Peter V. Minorsky, Jane B. Reece, Martha R. Taylor, Michael A. Pollock
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 27, Problem 12TYK
Summary Introduction
Introduction: Nitrogen is essential for the growth and development of organisms. Some archaea (such as methanogens) and some bacteria (such as cyanobacteria) obtain nitrogen through the process of nitrogen fixation. Plants obtain nitrogen through nitrogen-fixing bacteria, while animals obtain nitrogen from organic matter.
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Which of the following statements is a correct distinction between autotrophs and heterotrophs? a. Only heterotrophs require chemical compounds from the environment. b. Cellular respiration is unique to heterotrophs. c. Only heterotrophs have mitochondria. d. Only autotrophs can live on nutrients that are entirely inorganic
Plantlike photosynthesis that releases O2 occurs in (A) cyanobacteria. (B) archaea. (C) gram-positive bacteria. (D) chemoautotrophic bacteria.
The methanogens:_______
A. are part of the domain Archaea AND appear only in aerobic environments.
B. oxidize hydrogen gas to produce methane AND appear only in aerobic environments.
C. use oxygen as a terminal electron acceptor AND appear only in aerobic environments.
D. use oxygen as a terminal electron acceptor AND oxidize hydrogen gas to produce methane.
E. are part of the domain Archaea AND oxidize hydrogen gas to produce methane.
Chapter 27 Solutions
Study Guide for Campbell Biology
Ch. 27 - Fill in the following table with brief...Ch. 27 - Complete the following concept map that summarizes...Ch. 27 - This is a micrograph of the cyanobacterium...Ch. 27 - Prob. 4IQCh. 27 - Prob. 5IQCh. 27 - One might think of prokaryotes as primitive,...Ch. 27 - Prob. 2SYKCh. 27 - Prob. 1TYKFCh. 27 - __________ region in which the prokaryotic...Ch. 27 - __________ common staining technique that...
Ch. 27 - Prob. 4TYKFCh. 27 - Prob. 5TYKFCh. 27 - Prob. 6TYKFCh. 27 - Prob. 7TYKFCh. 27 - Prob. 8TYKFCh. 27 - ___________ use of organisms to remove...Ch. 27 - __________type of respiration that uses molecules...Ch. 27 - The Gram stain distinguishes among bacteria based...Ch. 27 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 27 - Some prokaryotes have specialized internal...Ch. 27 - Prob. 4TYKCh. 27 - Prob. 5TYKCh. 27 - Prob. 6TYKCh. 27 - Prob. 7TYKCh. 27 - Prob. 8TYKCh. 27 - Prob. 9TYKCh. 27 - Prob. 10TYKCh. 27 - Which of the following statements accurately...Ch. 27 - Prob. 12TYKCh. 27 - O157:H7, a pathogenic strain of E. coli, has over...
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- What process brings nitrogen from the atmosphere into living system? A. Methanogenesis B. Denitrification C. Anammox D. Nitrogen fixation E. Nitrificationarrow_forwardAccording to the endosymbiont theory: a) modern plant cells are able to carry out photosynthesis because their ancestors engulfed cyanobacteria. b) chloroplasts and mitochondria evolved from prokaryotic cells. c) ancestral eukaryotic cells acquired the ability to carry out aerobic respiration as a result of engulfing aerobic bacteria. d) a and c e) a, b and carrow_forwardWhich of the following statements is not true?(A) Archaea and bacteria have different membrane lipids.(B) The cell walls of archaea lack peptidoglycan.(C) Only bacteria have histones associated with DNA.(D) Only some archaea use CO2 to oxidize H2, releasing methanearrow_forward
- Organisms that use/degrade carbon compounds from food containing organic carbon to extract energy are called __________, whereas organisms that utilize CO2 from the air and often obtain energy from the sun are called ______________. A. heterotrophs; lithotrophs B. heterotrophs; autotrophs C. autotrophs; heterotrophs D. lithotrophs; autotrophs E. autotrophs; lithotrophsarrow_forwardDescribe what you might eat for a typical meal if humans, like cyanobacteria, could fix nitrogen.arrow_forwardCyanobacteria harness energy from the sun through photosynthesis, and oxidize water to provide electrons for energy generation. Thus, we classify cyanobacteria as _________. a. photolithotrophs b. photoautotrophs c. chemolithoautotrophs d. chemo-organotrophsarrow_forward
- Organic forms of nitrogen are converted to inorganic forms via what process? a)photosynthesis b)consumption c)nitrogen fixation d)decompositionarrow_forwardThe first organisms that oxygenated the atmosphere were ______. a. cyanobacteria b. phootrophic organisms c. anaerobic organisms d. allof the abovearrow_forward_______ are oxygen-releasing photoautotrophs. a. Spirochetes c. Cyanobacteria b. Methanogens d. Bacteriophagesarrow_forward
- According to the endosymbiotic theory, why was it adaptive for the larger (host) cell to keep the engulfed cell alive, rather than digesting it as food? A. The host cell would have been poisoned if it had digested the engulfed cell. B. The host cell was able to survive anaerobic conditions with the engulfed cell alive. C. The engulfed cell provided the host cell with CO2 D. The engulfed cell provided the host cell with ATP. E. The engulfed cell allowed the host cell to metabolize glucose.arrow_forward4) Many bacteria and fungi are important in the environment because they A) recycle nutrients, making them available for other organisms B) return energy to the environment, making it available for plants C) produce glucose through the process of respiration D) reverse the flow of energy in the ecosystemarrow_forwardThe first organisms that oxygenated the atmosphere were a. cyanobacteria b. phototrophic organisms c. anaerobic organisms d. all of the abovearrow_forward
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