Concept explainers
a.
To determine: The bacterial group from which a chloroplast is likely to evolve.
Introduction: The two basic types of cells are eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells. Bacteria and archaea are considered as prokaryotes in terms of lacking membrane-bound organelles, internal membranous structures, and the cytoskeleton.
b.
To define: The term “metagenomics”.
Introduction: Prokaryotes have evolved approximately 3.5 billion years ago and extensively adapted to various structural and
To determine: The way by which metagenomics contributes to the prokaryotic phylogeny.
Introduction: The study of genetic materials recovered directly from the environmental samples is called metagenomics.
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solutionChapter 27 Solutions
Study Guide for Campbell Biology
- . Single-celled organisms with a true nucleus, ester-linked fatty acids in their G-3-P cell membranes, and histones, but no collagen, and no cell walls composed of either chitin or cellulose, must be: members of kingdom Archaeobacteria members of kingdom Protista members of kingdom Eubacteria members of kingdom Fungi members of kingdom Animaliaarrow_forwardWhat is the endosymbiotic theory? Discuss two lines of evidence that support the theory.arrow_forwardDiscuss the Endosymbiotic Theory. Do you think it is a strong explanation on how the eukaryotes emerged on Earth?arrow_forward
- Consider the fact that the use of 16S rRNA sequencing as a taxonomic and phylogenetic tool has resulted in tripling the number of bacterial phyla. Why has the advent of this genetic technique expanded the currently accepted number of microbial phyla?arrow_forward. Which of the following prokaryotic kingdoms is characterized by the absence of a nucleus, the absence of histone proteins, the presence of fatty acids ester-linked to glycerol in their G-3-P cell membrane, and the presence of enzymes for constructing a peptidoglycan cell wall? kingdom Archaeobacteria kingdom Animalia kingdom Fungi kingdom Plantae kingdom Eubacteriaarrow_forwardAccording to the endosymbiotic theory, protoeukaryotes did not have ribosomes until the endosymbiosis with mitochondria was established.arrow_forward
- In the late 1960s (and since), Lynn Margulis (and others) provided considerable evidence for the endosymbiotic theory of the origin of various organelles in eukaryotic cells.What is the endosymbiotic theory? Which two eukaryotic organelles were proposed to have arisen as endosymbionts? What evidence did Margulis present to support each organelle as an endosymbiont?arrow_forwardWhich traits are shared by all eukaryotic cells, and what are the three major lines of evidence that mitochondria arose from endosymbiosis with proteobacteria?arrow_forwardCyanobacteria harness energy from the sun through photosynthesis, and oxidize water to provide electrons for energy generation. Thus, we classify cyanobacteria as _________. a. photolithotrophs b. photoautotrophs c. chemolithoautotrophs d. chemo-organotrophsarrow_forward
- Multicellular organisms with a true nucleus, histone proteins, ester-linked fatty acids in their cellmembranes, opisthokont ancestry, and chitin cell walls, are most likely to be:A. members of kingdom ArchaeobacteriaB. members of kingdom EubacteriaC. members of kingdom AnimaliaD. members of kingdom PlantaeE. members of kingdom Fungarrow_forwardSome aspects of eukaryotes are more similar to Archaea, while other aspects of eukaryotic cell composition appear more closely related to Bacteria. Explain how endosymbiosis could resolve this paradox.arrow_forwardWhat do the multiple branching points at the root of the eukaryotic phylogenetic tree indicate about the evolution of eukaryotes? A. that unikonts are derived from the SAR clade B. that Archaeplastids were the first eukaryotes C. that fungi are more closely related to plants than animals D. that eukaryotes are all descended from a common ancestorarrow_forward
- Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)BiologyISBN:9781305389892Author:Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillanPublisher:Cengage Learning