Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation:
The metabolite in the given case should be determined.
Concept Introduction:
A metabolite is that the intermediate consequence of
(b)
Interpretation:
Defending predictions about Malonyl-CoA as a key indicator of nutrient availability.
Concept Introduction:
Malonyl-CoA could be a extremely regulated molecule in carboxylic acid synthesis; intrinsically, it inhibits the rate-limiting step in beta-oxidation of fatty acids. Malonyl CoA inhibits fatty acids from associating with carnitine by regulation the protein carnitine acyl transferase, thereby preventing them from coming into the mitochondria, wherever carboxylic acid
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Check out a sample textbook solution- Complete oxidation of a 16-carbon fatty acid can yield 129 molecules of ATP Study Figure 19.2 and determine how many ATP molecules would be generated if a 16-carbon fatly acid were metabolized solely by the TCA cycle, in the form of S acetyl-CoA molecules.arrow_forwardIn the presence of saturating amounts of oxaloacetate, the activity of citrate synthase from pig heart tissue shows a sigmoid dependence on the concentration of acetyl‑CoA. When succinyl‑CoA is added, the curve shifts to the right and the sigmoid dependence is more pronounced.arrow_forwardConsider the complete oxidation of one mole of the fatty acyl CoA of capric acid (10:0). Determine the following: rounds of β-oxidation total no. of acetyl CoA produced total no. of NADH produced from all rounds of β-oxidation total no. of FADH2 produced from all rounds of β-oxidation total no. of NADH produced from the oxidation of all acetyl CoA in the TCA cycle total no. of FADH2 produced from the oxidation of all acetyl CoA in the TCA cycle total ATP yieldarrow_forward
- Discuss the regulation of fatty acid metabolism by the isozymic forms of acetyl CoA carboxylase. Explain the reciprocal control of fatty acid synthesis and degradation and the various means by which this control is achievedarrow_forwardConsider the docosanoic acid, C21H43CO2H a. Label the a and B carbons b. Draw the acyl CoA derived from this fatty acid c. How many acetyl CoA molecules are formed by complete B-oxidation? d. How many cycles of B-oxidation are needed for complete oxidation? e. How many molecules of ATP are formed from the complete catabolism of this fatty acid?arrow_forwardIn response low density lipoprotein (LDL), cells elevate the activity of ATP-citrate lyase, which catalyzes the conversion of citrate to acetyl-CoA and oxaloacetate. TRUE or FALSE?arrow_forward
- Mammals cannot undergo net synthesis of carbohydrate from acetyl-CoA, but the carbons of acetyl-CoA can be incorporated into glucose and amino acids. Present pathways by which this could come about.arrow_forwardHow many ATP can be produced by the complete oxidation of each propionyl-CoA product of fatty acid oxidation? Compare this to the ATP yield for each acetyl-CoA.arrow_forwardThe synthesis of the activated form of acetate (acetyl-CoA) is carried out in an ATP-dependent process: Acetate + CoA + ATP → acetyl-CoA + AMP + PPi (a) The ∆G’o for the hydrolysis of acetyl-CoA to acetate and CoA is - 32.2 kJ/mol and that for hydrolysis of ATP to AMP and PPi is - 30.5 kJ/mol. Calculate ∆G’o for the ATP-dependent synthesis of acetyl-CoA. (b) Almost all cells contain the enzyme inorganic pyrophosphatase, which catalyzes the hydrolysis of PPi to Pi. What effect does the presence of this enzyme have on the synthesis of acetyl-CoA? Explain.arrow_forward
- What is(are) the only active site(s) not used in the second round of fatty acid synthase? Select all that apply. Acetyl-CoA ACP Transacylase Beta-Ketoacyl- ACP Synthase Beta-Ketoacyl- ACP Dehydrase Palmitoyl thioesterase Malonyl-CoA ACP Transacylase Enoyl-ACP Reductasearrow_forwardThe total degradation of a fatty acid with an odd number of carbons yields acetyl-CoA and another compound, X. Show the structure of X, and describe the pathway by which it is converted into a citric acid cycle intermediate, including where any cofactors participate.arrow_forwardThe acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency diseases are a groupof inherited defects that impair the b-oxidation of fatty acids.Symptoms of the disease range from nausea and vomiting tofrequent comas. Symptoms may be alleviated by eating regularly and avoiding periods of starvation (12 hours or more).Why does this simple procedure alleviate the symptoms?arrow_forward
- BiochemistryBiochemistryISBN:9781305577206Author:Reginald H. Garrett, Charles M. GrishamPublisher:Cengage Learning