To explain: The reason behind a single
Concept introduction: Mutation causes some permanent changes in the nucleotide sequence. When the mutation occurs, a single nucleotide in the nucleotide sequence is deleted. This is called point mutation. This leads to irreversible changes and alters the reading frame of the gene.
Explanation of Solution
Explanation:
A 4-nt insertion is the addition of four nucleotides to the sequence. This means that the addition of one codon and one nucleotide. This addition of a codon shifts the reading frame of the gene by one nucleotide. The proper reading frame is restored by deleting a nucleotide. The reading frame usually constitutes three nucleotides called codons. The deletion of a nucleotide restores the proper reading frame and the 4-nt insertion has one codon and one additional nucleotide. Thus, the single nucleotide deletion restores the function of a protein-coding gene. The gene function cannot be restored if it is as given below:
- The 4-nt insertion interrupts the codon of a function that determines the amino acid.
- The 4-nt insertion creates codon amino acid that breaks the structure.
- The 4-nt insertion introduced the stop codon earlier in the gene.
- The 1-nt deletion occurs far from the 4-nt insertion.
A long sequence of frame-shifted codons is separated by the insertion and the deletion points, even though the reading frame was restored. Thus, the single nucleotide deletion restores the function of a protein-coding gene interrupted by the insertion of a 4-nt sequence.
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