BIOLOGY VOL. II
16th Edition
ISBN: 9781308795317
Author: Raven
Publisher: Mcgraw-Hill/Create
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Question
Chapter 27, Problem 6U
Summary Introduction
Introduction:
Virus is an infectious small particles that can not be seen through the naked eyes. The human immumodeficiency virus is a lentivirus which is a causative agent of HIV/AIDS. This HIV virus attacks on T-cells, which provide immunity against the infection that results the loss of the immunity and individual get susceptible to the virus. The HIV virus consists outer envelope on which glycoprotein spikes are present.
Expert Solution & Answer
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solution
Students have asked these similar questions
Prior to entry, the _________ glycoprotein of the HIV virus recognizes the ______ receptor on the surface of the macrophage.
a. CCR5; gp120
b. CXCR4; CCR5
c. CD4; CCR5
d. gp120; CD4
Identify the mismatched pair.
a. CXCR4: lymphocyte tropic
b. exogenous retrovirus: originates outside host’s body
c. infectious virion production: activated CD4 T cells
d. tat: controls export of transcripts from the nucleus
e. lentivirus: long incubation period
f. CCR5: macrophage tropic.
Which of the following virus does not use CXCR4 as a receptor?
a. HIV-2
b. SIV
c. poliovirus
d. HIV-1
Chapter 27 Solutions
BIOLOGY VOL. II
Ch. 27 - The reverse transcriptase enzyme is active in...Ch. 27 - Which of the following is NOT part of a virus? a....Ch. 27 - Which of the following is common in animal viruses...Ch. 27 - Which of the following would NOT be part of the...Ch. 27 - A process by which a virus may change a benign...Ch. 27 - Prob. 6UCh. 27 - Prob. 7UCh. 27 - Prob. 1ACh. 27 - The idea of a protein that was an infectious agent...Ch. 27 - Bacterial viruses and animal viruses are similar...
Ch. 27 - Prob. 4ACh. 27 - Phage conversion in which viruses add genes to a...Ch. 27 - According to the prion hypothesis, the infectious...Ch. 27 - Prob. 7ACh. 27 - Prob. 8ACh. 27 - E. coli lysogens derived from infection by phage ...Ch. 27 - Most biologists believe that viruses evolved...Ch. 27 - Prob. 3SCh. 27 - What do we mean by the term emerging virus? How is...Ch. 27 - How might phage be used to transfer E. coli genes...
Knowledge Booster
Similar questions
- Which pertains to the immune response of a woman who has just inhaled a coronavirus to which she has no immunity. A.an immune response will begin once the antigen enters lymphoid tissues as the lymph nodes B. IgA directed toward this coronavirus will be immediately present in respiratory secretions C. each Ab produced against an epitope of the coronavirus will have identical binding sites D. only B lymphocytes will be capable of responding to the coronavirus E. only IgM will be produced in the initial response.arrow_forwardwith HIV, explain the mechanism of intracellular infection and the role of reverse transcriptase. What would you explain about the process? What is the significance of the CD4+ count? ( Discuss the meaning of various ranges of CD4 counts.) List 5 opportunistic infections AND describe data to suggest whether or not a patient has such an infection.arrow_forwardNotice the comment that after treatment your CD4 count should rise. Why does treatment allow CD4s to increase? A Anti-retroviral therapy consists of transfusions of CD4 cells. B Anti-retroviral therapy directly stimulates cell division of CD4 cells, so their numbers increase. C Anti-retroviral therapy will prevent HIV from replicating and killing your CD4s. CD4s can grow back to some degree.arrow_forward
- The --------------- retrovirus contains a ______________ genome: Select one: a. chicken pox, circular DNA b. Sars CoVII, double-stranded RNA c. measles, double-stranded DNA d. HIV, Single-stranded RNAarrow_forwardWe are confronted with a new RNA virus that uses x-proteins to attach to host cells and primarily infects liver cells. Based on this we would expect: (2 answers only) a. possible latent infections b. viral susceptibility to valacyclovir c. viral suspeptibility to RNA->RNA pol inhibitor d. symptoms of hepatitsarrow_forwardNotice the dotted line for a CD4 count of 200. Why is that level important? A This is the point at which ART should begin. B CD4s of 200 represent the point at which HIV will begin to generate resistance mutations. C When CD4s reach 200, a person is at great risk of disease from opportunistic infections, including ones that hardly ever cause disease in people with normal CD4s.arrow_forward
- Consider the events that occur in HIV infection. I. HIV undergoes molecular self assembly.II. The protein gp120 binds to CD4.III. The HIV genome is incorporated into the host cell genome.IV. Reverse transcriptase is activated.V. The lipid envelope of HIV fuses with the T cell membrane. What is the correct sequence of the numbered events? I > III > V > IV > II IV > II > I > V > III II > V > IV > III > I III > I > II > IV > Varrow_forwardThe envelope protein gp120 (Glycoprotein 120) is required for the attachment of the HIV virus to CD 4 receptors of target host cells. Identify the immune cells that consist of CD 4 receptors?arrow_forwardGiven what we know about HIV, describe the impact of this virus on humoral and cellular immunity. [hint - HIV targets CD4 cells; how will this impact an immune response]arrow_forward
- Explain HIV is so difficult to treat. Why antiviral medication is a cocktail/mixture of different antiviral medications and how might they work to fight off the infection?arrow_forwardThe high degree of mutation in HIV, the accumulation of variant viruses, and the development of resistance to drug regimes are attributed to _____. a. antigenic shift b. gene conversion c. absence of proofreading capability of reverse transcriptase d. antigenic variation of variable surface glycoproteins (VSGs) e. mutation of HIV RNA genome by host-cell RNA polymerase.arrow_forwardAfter HIV components are made, what is the correct order of thestages that produce mature HIV particles?a. Maturation, budding, assemblyb. Maturation, assembly, buddingc. Assembly, budding, maturationd. Assembly, maturation, buddingarrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
Human Physiology: From Cells to Systems (MindTap ...BiologyISBN:9781285866932Author:Lauralee SherwoodPublisher:Cengage Learning
Human Physiology: From Cells to Systems (MindTap ...
Biology
ISBN:9781285866932
Author:Lauralee Sherwood
Publisher:Cengage Learning