Campbell Biology In Focus
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9780134203072
Author: Lisa A. Urry, Michael L. Cain, Steven A. Wasserman, Peter V. Minorsky, Jane B. Reece
Publisher: PEARSON
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Concept explainers
Question
Chapter 27.1, Problem 2CC
Summary Introduction
To explain:
Whether the sponges are less successful or “highly evolved” than other animal groups.
Concept introduction:
Sponges belong to phylum “Porifera”. They are considered as basal animals as they were the first animal to have evolved on earth.
They are the most primitive animals with cellular level of organisation. They lack true tissues, but contain specialized cells for carrying out various activities. They are filter feeders.
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. WHAT IF? Suppose ctenophores are basal metazoansand sponges are the sister group of all remaining animals.Under this hypothesis, redraw Figure 32.11 and discusswhether animals with tissues would form a clade.
Discuss the phrase “Sponges work well with so little.” In what particular instance would this be applicable in the life of a sponge? Cite specific examples ( 3) and explain briefly.
Discuss the potential use of sponges as monitors of chemical pollutant stress in marine and freshwater ecosystems. Use concepts learned in Ecology.
Most sponge species are of leuconoid construction, is this type of sponge construction an advantage or disadvantage?
Matching:
(23-27) Match the specialized cell/organ to its function:
23
Colloblast
24.
Choanocyte
25
Spicule
26.
Osculum
27)
Cnidocyte
A. structural support
B. water exits sponge
here
C. stinging cell with poison barb
D. sticky cell to capture food
E. filters food out of water in sponges
Chapter 27 Solutions
Campbell Biology In Focus
Ch. 27.1 - Prob. 1CCCh. 27.1 - Prob. 2CCCh. 27.2 - What is the Cambrian explosion? Why is it...Ch. 27.2 - Prob. 2CCCh. 27.3 - Prob. 1CCCh. 27.3 - WHAT IF? Would it be accurate to describe the...Ch. 27.4 - Prob. 1CCCh. 27.4 - Describe two key adaptations of aquatic...Ch. 27.4 - MAKE CONNECTIONS The radiation of bilaterians in...Ch. 27.5 - Describe two adaptations that have enabled insects...
Ch. 27.5 - MAKE CONNECTIONS Compare and contrast how the...Ch. 27.6 - Describe three key amniote adaptations for life on...Ch. 27.6 - Prob. 2CCCh. 27.6 - WHAT IF? Which came first, the chicken or the egg?...Ch. 27.7 - Describe how ocean communities changed in the...Ch. 27.7 - Prob. 2CCCh. 27.7 - Prob. 3CCCh. 27 - Prob. 1TYUCh. 27 - Fossil steroid and molecular clock evidence...Ch. 27 - Which of the following was probably the least...Ch. 27 - Prob. 4TYUCh. 27 - Prob. 5TYUCh. 27 - Prob. 6TYUCh. 27 - Prob. 7TYUCh. 27 - FOCUS ON EVOLUTION In Figure 27.29, circle the...Ch. 27 - FOCUS ON ORGANIZATION Early tetrapods had a...Ch. 27 - SYNTHESIZE YOUR KNOWLEDGE Collectively, do these...
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- How humans learn and remember things is still one of the major unsolvedbiological mysteries. Much of what is currently understood about learning andmemory and the biological basis of behaviour comes from the study ofinvertebrates, including the gastropod molluscs. Describe the types ofexperiments that have been performed on gastropods and the extent to whicheach has increased our understanding of how animals learn.arrow_forwardWhat similarities in organismal design are common to sycon grade sponges, siphonophores, and polychaete annelids? Illustrate your answer with an appropriately labeled diagram of each kind of organism.arrow_forwardTest Your Understanding 1.Which of the following is not a shared derived character of echinoderms? (a) water vascular system (b) notochord (c) tube feet (d) pentaradial symmetry in adult (e) endoskeleton of calcium carbonate plates and spinesarrow_forward
- connect What is the significance of choanocytes in terms of the evolution of sponges? Explain their function in sponges.arrow_forwardMAKE CONNECTIONS Historically, annelids and arthropods were viewed as closely related because both havebody segmentation. Yet DNA sequence data indicatethat annelids belong to one clade (Lophotrochozoa) andarthropods to another (Ecdysozoa). Could traditionaland molecular hypotheses be tested by studyingthe Hox genes that control body segmentation (seeConcept 21.6)? Explain.arrow_forward1) Develop a hypothesis that explains the origin of sponge skeletons (i.e, why did sponges develop skeletons in the first place). Keep the following in mind: the current paradigm suggests that sponges were the first animals, there were NO predators when sponges evolved, and that available food was floating in the water.arrow_forward
- Consider things about sponges and Cnidarians. a) Pick one of these two groups, and state how they are important to their ecosystems (name which one you are discussing) b) Pick one of these two groups and state how they help humans directly (name which group you are discussing).arrow_forwardanimals in which of the following classes possess adductor muscles, labial palps, and use their gills for both respiration and feeding? -Bivalvia -Cephalopoda -Polyplacophora -Anthozoa -Gastropodaarrow_forwardAnimal Kingdom, Part I Background: There are ten major phyla that represent the invertebrate animals. Though they all share animal characteristics, each phylum has unique characteristics that allow for identification and classification of those organisms. Scientists do not always rely solely on their memory to help them classify animals, they often rely on reference materials. In this activity, you will create your own reference for the animal kingdom. Instructions: Review the information found in the lessons on invertebrates including The Animal Kingdom, Body Plans, Phylum Placazoa, Phylum Porifera to review the key characteristics that define the phyla that you study. Create a concept map or illustrated drawing for each phylum (Placazoa and Porifera) that will help you classify invertebrate animals into that group.arrow_forward
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