Microbiology: An Evolving Science (Fourth Edition)
4th Edition
ISBN: 9780393615098
Author: John W. Foster, Joan L. Slonczewski
Publisher: W. W. Norton & Company
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Chapter 27.1, Problem 4TQ
Summary Introduction
To review:
The effectiveness of a new antibiotic for a patient with a staphylococcal infection.
Introduction:
Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) gives a correlation between the drug and the average attainable tissue levels of antibiotics that can predict its effectiveness. The measured MIC can be approximated by the means of Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion technique. Antibiotics are the chemical compounds used for inhibiting or destroying the growth of microbes.
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Suppose you do the Kirby-Bauer test on a hypothetical Staphylococcus species with penicillin and tetracycline. You record diameters of 20mm for tetracycline and 24mm for penicillin. Which antibiotic is most effective against this bacterium and why? Please explain and interpret these results.
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the following are the steps, listed in random order, for utilizing koch's postulates. what should be the second step out of the four listed?
a. a microorganism is found to be present in every case of a disease.
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Chapter 27 Solutions
Microbiology: An Evolving Science (Fourth Edition)
Ch. 27.1 - Prob. 1TQCh. 27.1 - Prob. 2TQCh. 27.1 - Prob. 3TQCh. 27.1 - Prob. 4TQCh. 27.2 - Prob. 1TQCh. 27.2 - Prob. 2TQCh. 27.2 - Prob. 3TQCh. 27.3 - Prob. 1TQCh. 27.3 - Prob. 2TQCh. 27.3 - Prob. 3TQ
Ch. 27.3 - Prob. 4TQCh. 27.4 - Prob. 1TQCh. 27 - Prob. 1RQCh. 27 - Prob. 2RQCh. 27 - Prob. 3RQCh. 27 - Prob. 4RQCh. 27 - Prob. 5RQCh. 27 - Prob. 6RQCh. 27 - Prob. 7RQCh. 27 - Prob. 8RQCh. 27 - Prob. 9RQCh. 27 - Prob. 10RQCh. 27 - Prob. 11RQCh. 27 - Prob. 12RQCh. 27 - Prob. 13RQCh. 27 - Prob. 14RQCh. 27 - Prob. 15RQCh. 27 - Prob. 16RQCh. 27 - Prob. 17RQCh. 27 - Prob. 1TQCh. 27 - Prob. 2TQCh. 27 - Prob. 3TQCh. 27 - Prob. 4TQ
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- If a bacterial species is not susceptible to an antibacterial drug at the concentration present in a particular disk, does that necessarily mean the species is completely resistant to the drug? Explain your answer. Did you notice any colonies (isolated mounds of cells) growing within any of the zones of inhibition? If so, which plate(s) and which drug(s)? What would cause growth of colonies within a zone of inhibition? please answer both questions.arrow_forwardWhat conclusion would you draw if the numbers of bacterial colonies in were the same on the control plate and the treatment plate? Explain your reasoning.arrow_forwardBelow is a diagram of four different antibiotics (numbered 1-4) that are being tested in a petri dish inoculated with bacteria. After a sufficient incubation period, bacterial growth occurred except in the zones of inhibition (shown with dotted lines in the diagram) around the antibiotics. Based on the results shown here, would it be reasonable to conclude that the most effective antibiotic in this example would be an effective antibiotic against any bacterium? Why or why not?arrow_forward
- Name two or more situations where Koch’s postulates are impossible to complete? In other words, what factors about a microbe or factors about a disease make it impossible for Koch's postulate to be performed with that microbe or disease?arrow_forwardIf a bacterial species is not susceptible to an antibacterial drug at the concentration present in a particular disk, does that necessarily mean the species is completely resistant to the drug? Explain your answer. What is the mode of action of bacitracin? How does this influence the types of bacteria it can be used against effectively? What is the mode of action of tetracycline? How does this influence the types of bacteria it can be used against effectively? Describe how populations of bacteria can evolve resistance to antibiotics. In your description, use the terms/phrases: mutation, resistant, sensitive, individuals, populations, natural selection, horizontal gene transfer.arrow_forwardIn a series of infection experiments, a researcher discovers that the ID50 value for the infectious bacterium Parasiticum mucoides is 2,000, and that the ID50 for another infectious bacterium, Donoteatum thisbacterium, is 150. Given these data, a person exposed to 1,000 bacteria of each type would be more likely to be infected by which bacterium? There is no way to know given the information provided Both infections are equally likely Donoteatum thisbacterium Parasiticum mucoidesarrow_forward
- You perform a quadrant streak and isolate a single colony which contains two distinct species of bacteria. You repeat this with the same results. Provide a possible explanation for this result that does not involve contamination of the sample.arrow_forwardWhen testing the sensitivity of antibiotics using the Kirby-Bauer method, the Petri Dish with Escherichia coli had the following results: Antibiotic Zone of inhibition Penicillin 0 mm Ampicillin 9 mm Ciproflaxacin 30 mm Tetracycline 31 mm What are the best conclusions you can make from the choices below?arrow_forwardImagine that you have set up a Kirby Bauer experiment on Mueller Hinton agar (non-selective agar) in order to test if Escherichia coli is susceptible or resistant to Drug X. After 24 hours, you notice a zone of inhibition (clear zone) around your antibiotic disc and determine that E. coli is susceptible to Drug X. You then take a cotton swab and subculture a sample from this zone of inhibition (where no growth was apparent) onto a new agar plate without antibiotics and after 24 hours you see growth of E.coli. What can you conclude about Drug X?arrow_forward
- After an antimicrobial drugs test, the following results were obtained from a disk-diffusion test against a bacterium. Antiboitic A= 6mm Antibiotic B= 18mm Antibiotic C= 11mm Antibiotic D= 19mm which drug should be used to treat an infect caused by this bacterium (assuming everything else is equal about these antibiotics)?arrow_forwardThe Kirby-Bauer test examines the effectiveness of antibiotics and disinfectants or antiseptics on separately plated bacteria. Which of the following Zones of Inhibition (ZOI) measurements on a plate of Klebsiella pneumoniae shows the strongest inhibition of the bacterium's growth? a) Penicillin, 7 mm ZOI b) Actinomycin, 9 mm ZOI c) Tetracycline, 26 mm ZOI d) Chloramphenicol 2 mm ZOI e) Streptomycin, 23 mm ZOIarrow_forwardThe following results were obtained from a disk diffusion test for a strain of Escherichia coli. Chemotherapeutic Zone of inhibition (mm) A 7 B 10 C 18 D 3 Which drug above (A, B, C, or D) is most effective against this E. coli strain? ***Which drug above (A, B, C, or D) is most effective against Staphylococcus aureus? Explain your answer.arrow_forward
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USMLE-Rx Antimicrobial Therapy; Author: USMLE-Rx;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Pka1Ynlrqtw;License: Standard Youtube License