Mastering Microbiology with Pearson eText -- Standalone Access Card -- for Brock Biology of Microorganisms (15th Edition)
15th Edition
ISBN: 9780134603971
Author: Michael T. Madigan, Kelly S. Bender, Daniel H. Buckley, W. Matthew Sattley, David A. Stahl
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 27.4, Problem 2MQ
Describe antigen binding to the CDR1, 2, and 3 regions of the heavy-chain and light-chain variable domains.
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Describe the term "in-frame" and also the reason that it would be necessary for the generation of diversity in antigen receptors.
Describe the development of antibodies to a specificantigen.
Describe antigenic variation.
Chapter 27 Solutions
Mastering Microbiology with Pearson eText -- Standalone Access Card -- for Brock Biology of Microorganisms (15th Edition)
Ch. 27.1 - Prob. 1MQCh. 27.1 - Prob. 2MQCh. 27.1 - Distinguish between clonal deletion and clonal...Ch. 27.1 - QWhy is it necessary that all three defining...Ch. 27.2 - Identify the intrinsic and extrinsic properties of...Ch. 27.2 - Describe an epitope recognized by an antibody, and...Ch. 27.2 - Give an example for each: natural and artificial...Ch. 27.2 - QWhat properties are required for a vaccine to...Ch. 27.3 - Summarize antibody production starting with...Ch. 27.3 - Differentiate among antibody classes using...
Ch. 27.3 - Prob. 3MQCh. 27.3 - QDescribe the structural and functional...Ch. 27.4 - Draw a complete Ig molecule and identify...Ch. 27.4 - Describe antigen binding to the CDR1, 2, and 3...Ch. 27.4 - Describe the recombination events that produce a...Ch. 27.4 - QWhich Ig chains are used to construct a complete...Ch. 27.5 - Identify the cells that display MHC class I and...Ch. 27.5 - Compare the MHC I and MHC II protein structures...Ch. 27.5 - Define the sequence of events for processing and...Ch. 27.5 - QDescribe the basic structure of class I and class...Ch. 27.6 - Define polymorphism and polygeny as they apply to...Ch. 27.6 - How does a single MHC protein present many...Ch. 27.6 - QPolymorphism implies that each different MHC...Ch. 27.7 - Prob. 1MQCh. 27.7 - Identify diversity-generating mechanisms unique to...Ch. 27.7 - Describe and compare the structural features of Ig...Ch. 27.7 - QWhat diversity-generating mechanisms function to...Ch. 27.8 - Describe the mechanism used by Tc cells to...Ch. 27.8 - Describe the effector system (the cell-killing...Ch. 27.8 - Compare and contrast the roles and activities of...Ch. 27.8 - QWhat mechanism do Tc cells use to identify and...Ch. 27.9 - Discriminate between immediate hypersensitivity...Ch. 27.9 - Provide examples and mechanisms for an...Ch. 27.9 - QHow do immediate and delayed-type...Ch. 27.10 - Describe the binding site for superantigens on T...Ch. 27.10 - Compare and contrast the immunodeficiency observed...Ch. 27.10 - Prob. 3MQCh. 27.10 - Prob. 1CRCh. 27 - Antibodies of the IgA class are probably more...Ch. 27 - Prob. 2AQCh. 27 - Polymorphism implies that each different MHC...Ch. 27 - What problems would arise if a person had a...
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- Briefly describe how we become tolerant to self-antigens pre- and post- birth, and explain how tolerance may be induced to cancer antigens.arrow_forwardDraw a complete Ig molecule and identify antigen-binding siteson the antibody.arrow_forwardWhat is SDS-page? Write down its role in monoclonal antibodies production.arrow_forward
- The antibody surface involved in antigen binding varies depending on the size and nature of the antigen. This surface can be concave or flat, and sometimes, can have extended protrusions. This is accomplished by: Flexibility in the hinge regions of the antibody allowing rotation of the antigen-binding sites Some antibodies using V region framework sequences instead of the CDRs to bind antigen The ability of different CDR sequences to form many structurally distinct shapes and surfaces The ability of the same heavy chain to pair with different light chains The differential usage of κ versus λ light chains, as κ chains form concavearrow_forwardIn the figure below, which close-up view of these two V domains has the amino acid sequences most important for antigen-binding highlighted correctly in red?arrow_forwardExplain the phenomenon that represents N- acetylgalactosamine to O antigen to form A antigen.arrow_forward
- What is the chemical basis for the specificity of binding of an immunoglobin antibody to a particular antigen? View keyboard shortcutsarrow_forwardVariable addition and subtraction of nucleotides at the junctions between gene segments contributes to the diversity of [Qi] the third hypervariable region. The addition and subtraction of nucleotides at the junctions between V, D, and J gene segments creates antibody proteins with wide variations in the numbers of amino acids in their CDR3 regions. This variability in CDR3 length is important as: Overall variability in CDR3 sequence is needed to create a sufficiently diverse antibody repertoire. The CDR3 region is more important in binding antigen than the CDR1 and CDR2 regions are. Some light chains bind better to heavy chains with longer CDR3 region sequences. Longer CDR3 sequences generally create antibodies with higher affinity for the antigen. Some antibodies bind relatively flat surfaces and others bind deep clefts in the antigen.arrow_forwardBefore the mechanism for generating antibody diversity had been established, a mechanism based on protein folding around an antigen was proposed, primarily by Linus Pauling. In this model, antibodies that had different specificities had the same amino acid sequence but were folded in different ways. Propose a test of this model.arrow_forward
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