Biology: Life on Earth with Physiology Plus Mastering Biology with Pearson eText -- Access Card Package (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN: 9780133910605
Author: Gerald Audesirk, Teresa Audesirk, Bruce E. Byers
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 28, Problem 1MC
Summary Introduction
Introduction:
A constant change during species composition in a community is called succession. Primary and secondary ways of succession share a common set of processes. Primary succession which started with the soil loss after the volcano, determines the initial period of ecological succession.
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An example of a pioneer species in primary succession and a pioneer species in secondary succession, respectively, are
Select one:
a. lichens and grass
b. moss and insects
c. lichens and trees
d. grass and shrubs
Primary”succession is succession that:a.involves establishment of primary producers where there were none.b.leads to establishment of a climax community dominated by primaryproducers.c.occurs on newly exposed geologic substrates, not organic soil.d.occurs where organic soils have been exposed but not destroyed bydisturbance.e.occurs after fire or agricultural abandonment.
Differentiate primary succession between terrestrial and aquatic ecosystem in terms of the following.
a. pioneer community
b. intermediate community
c. climax community
Chapter 28 Solutions
Biology: Life on Earth with Physiology Plus Mastering Biology with Pearson eText -- Access Card Package (11th Edition)
Ch. 28.1 - define a community and explain why community...Ch. 28.1 - Prob. 2CYLCh. 28.1 - Prob. 3CYLCh. 28.2 - Prob. 1CSCCh. 28.2 - Prob. 1CTCh. 28.2 - compare interspecific and intraspecific...Ch. 28.2 - explain how competitive exclusion leads to...Ch. 28.3 - define predator and parasite, and distinguish...Ch. 28.3 - Prob. 1HYEWCh. 28.3 - Prob. 1TC
Ch. 28.3 - provide examples of how predators and prey have...Ch. 28.3 - Prob. 2TCCh. 28.3 - Prob. 3CYLCh. 28.3 - Prob. 3TCCh. 28.3 - Prob. 4CYLCh. 28.3 - Prob. 4TCCh. 28.3 - Prob. 5CYLCh. 28.4 - Prob. 1CYLCh. 28.4 - Prob. 2CYLCh. 28.5 - Prob. 1CSCCh. 28.5 - Prob. 1CYLCh. 28.5 - Prob. 2CYLCh. 28.6 - explain the process of succession and its general...Ch. 28.6 - People have suppressed fires for decades. How...Ch. 28.6 - Prob. 2CYLCh. 28.6 - Prob. 2TCCh. 28 - Prob. 1ACCh. 28 - Prob. 1FIBCh. 28 - Prob. 1MCCh. 28 - Define an ecological community, and describe the...Ch. 28 - Prob. 2ACCh. 28 - Prob. 2FIBCh. 28 - Which of the following statements is not true of...Ch. 28 - Prob. 2RQCh. 28 - Prob. 3FIBCh. 28 - Prob. 3MCCh. 28 - Prob. 3RQCh. 28 - Prob. 4FIBCh. 28 - Prob. 4MCCh. 28 - Prob. 4RQCh. 28 - Prob. 5FIBCh. 28 - Prob. 5MCCh. 28 - Provide examples of two climax and two subclimax...Ch. 28 - Prob. 6FIBCh. 28 - Prob. 6RQCh. 28 - Prob. 7RQ
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- Choose the correct statement. a. Secondary succession can occur where the disturbance has left the soil intact. b. Secondary succession occurs when no soil exists in a place. c. Primary succession can take place only when soil is left after a disturbance. d. Sometimes, during a succession, local species inhibits the growth of newcomers, a phenomenon termed as facilitation.arrow_forwardAll of the statements are correct regarding ecological succession EXCEPT Select one: a. there is less competition earlier in the succession process b. it is a random process c. initial pioneer species are plants d. species diversity increases as succession proceedsarrow_forwardSpecies that are the first colonists in a habitat undergoing primary succession a. are usually the fiercest competitors. b. help maintain their habitat constant so their persistence is ensured. c. may change their habitat in a way that favors the invasion of other species. d. must first be successful secondary succession specialists.arrow_forward
- A rancher grazes cattle in a forest reserve. The cattle selectively graze grasses, herbs, and small shrubs. After 10 years, the cattle are removed from the forest and the forest begins to change back the way it was before the cattle were introduced. The changes in the forest would be an example of a. a climax community b. a pioneer community c. primary succession d. secondary successionarrow_forwardLightning strikes in interior Alaska have resulted in frequent wildfires due to dry climate in late spring. What type of species is expected to grow in the area affected by the wildfire and what type of succession will it be, respectively? Select one: a. First Species to Grow Type of Succession Lichen Secondary b. First Species to Grow Type of Succession Tundra grass Primary c. First Species to Grow Type of Succession Tundra grass Secondary d. First Species to Grow Type of Succession Lichen Primary How are two different populations able to occupy the same ecological niche without one population eliminating the other? Select one: a. through low intraspecific competition for food and breeding areas b. through low interspecific competition for food and breeding areas c. through high intraspecific competition for food and breeding areas d. through high interspecific competition for food and breeding areasarrow_forwardWhich of the following locations would NOT represent a site for primary succession? A. A forest that was recently destroyed by a fire. B. A volcanic island. C. A retreating glacier. D. All of the above represent sites of primary succession.arrow_forward
- Secondary succession occurs more quickly than primary succession mainly because O a. disturbances in the community exposes more soil b. sunlight is more available C. improved soil is present from the start d. nitrogen-fixing bacteria are present e. rocky areas contain more mineralsarrow_forwardPrimary succession is a gradual change in community structure that begins with a ___i___ community and leads towards a ___ii___ community. The statement given above is completed by the information in row ______. Row i ii A pioneer climax B seral pioneer C pioneer seral D seral climaxarrow_forwardOf the following, which could be an anthropogenic factor that would influence ecological succession? A. volcanic eruption B. wind storms C. agriculturearrow_forward
- What type of ecological succession occurs on bare ground without soil? A. Secondary succession B. Primary succession C. Tertiary successionarrow_forwardThe figure shows examples of possible disturbance intensity (y-axis) and frequency (x-axis) combinations. The type of succession occurring after disturbance A is the type of succession occurring after disturbance C is and High A B C D Low Low High Frequency A. primary; climax B. primary; secondary C. primary; little succession occurs D. secondary; primary E. secondary; climax Intensityarrow_forwardWhich of the following rows correctly describes the biotic and abiotic factors that change during each type of succession? Select one: a. Type of Succession Abiotic Factors Biotic Factors Primary Plant diversity will decrease. Lava from volcano will harden to produce new land. b. Type of Succession Abiotic Factors Biotic Factors Secondary Soil is still present. Plant diversity will increase. c. Type of Succession Abiotic Factors Biotic Factors Secondary Plant diversity will increase. Soil is still present. d. Type of Succession Abiotic Factors Biotic Factors Primary Lava from volcano will harden to produce new land. Plant diversity will decrease.arrow_forward
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