Economics (Irwin Economics)
21st Edition
ISBN: 9781259723223
Author: Campbell R. McConnell, Stanley L. Brue, Sean Masaki Flynn Dr.
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Question
Chapter 28, Problem 6DQ
To determine
Growth accounting; extent of increase in U.S. real GDP resulted from more labor inputs and greater labor productivity; and arranging the factors of economic growth in order of their quantitative importance.
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Suppose that 10 workers were required in 2010 to produce 40,000 bushels of wheat on a 1,000-acre farm. a. What is the average output per acre? Per worker? b. If in 2020 only 8 workers produce 44,000 bushels of wheat on that same 1,000-acre farm, what will be the average output per acre? Per worker? c. By what percentage does productivity (output per worker) increase over those 10 years? Over those 10 years, what is the average annual percentage increase in productivity?
What are spillover effects and how do they affect growth? (LO27-4)
Suppose an economy’s production function is Y = AKαL1−α. If the annual rate of economic growth is 3.5 per cent and labour and capital are both growing by 2 per cent annually, what contribution to growth is made by total factor productivity? You can assume that labour receives 75 per cent of the total income generated in this economy.
Chapter 28 Solutions
Economics (Irwin Economics)
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- Computing growth rates (II): Suppose k, l, and m grow at constant rates givenby g k, gl , and gm. What is the growth rate of y in each of the following cases?(a) y = k 1/3(b) y = k 1/3l 2/3(c) y = mk 1/3l 2/3(d) y = mk 1/4l 3/4(e) y = mk 3/4l 1/4(f ) y = 1klm2 1/2(g) y = 1kl2 1/4 11/m2 3/4arrow_forwardWhy dues productivity growth in high-income economies not slow down as it runs into diminishing returns from additional investments in physical capital and human capital? Does this show one area where the theory of diminishing returns fails to apply? Why or why not?arrow_forward(Words apart) Per capita income most recently was about 160 times greater in the US that in Democratic Republic of the Congo. Suppose per capita income grows an average of 3 percent per year in the richer country and 6 percent per year in the poorer country. Assuming such growth rates continue indefinitely into the future, how many years would it take before per capita income in the Congo exceeds that of the US? (to simplify the math, suppose at the outset per capita income is $160000 in the richer country and $1000 in the poorer country.)arrow_forward
- 16)A mathematical approximation called the rule of 70 tells us that the number of years that it will take something that is growing to double in size is approximately equal to the number 70 divided by its percentage rate of growth. Thus, if Mexico’s real GDP per person is growing at 7 percent per year, it will take about 10 years (= 70/7) to double. Apply the rule of 70 to solve the following problem. Real GDP per person in Mexico in 2005 was about $11,000 per person, while it was about $44,000 per person in the United States. If real GDP per person in Mexico grows at the rate of 4 percent per year, about how long will it take Mexico’s real GDP per person to reach the level that the United States was at in 2005? (Hint: How many times would Mexico’s 2005 real GDP per person have to double to reach the United States’ 2005 real GDP per person?) Instructions: Enter your answer as a whole number.arrow_forwardCountry A and country B both have the production function Y = F(K, L) = K1/3L2/3 Does this production function have constant returns to scale? Explain. Find Solow’s production function, y = f (k)? Assume that neither country experiences population growth or technological progress and that 20 percent of capital depreciates each year. Assume further that country A saves 10 percent of output each year and country B saves 30 percent of output each year. Find the steady-state level of capital per worker for each country, then find the steady-state levels of income per worker and consumption per worker. Suppose that both countries start off with a capital stock per worker of 2. What are the levels of income per worker and consumption per worker? Remembering that the change in the capital stock is investment less depreciation, use a calculator (or, better yet, a computer spreadsheet) to show how the capital stock per worker will evolve over time in both countries. For…arrow_forwardUse Figure 39W.3 (changing the box labels as necessary) to explain rapid economic growth in countries such as South Korea and Chile. What factors other than those contained in the figure might contribute to that growth?arrow_forward
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