Economics (Irwin Economics)
21st Edition
ISBN: 9781259723223
Author: Campbell R. McConnell, Stanley L. Brue, Sean Masaki Flynn Dr.
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Chapter 28, Problem 6P
To determine
Per unit cost of an application.
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4.Distinguish between explicit and implicit costs, giving examples of each. What are some explicit and implicit costs of attending college? LO2
With current technology, suppose a firm is producing 400 loaves of banana bread daily. Also assume that the least-cost combination of resources in producing those loaves is 5 units of labor, 7 units of land, 2 units of capital, and 1 unit of entrepreneurial ability, selling at prices of $ 40, $60, $60, and $20, respectively. Assume the firm can sell these 400 loaves at $ 2 per unit.
1). What is its total revenue?
2). What is its total cost?
3). What is the firm's profit or loss? The firm generates an economic ( choose one -a) loss, b) profit ) of...?
4). Will it continue to produce banana bread? ( Yes or No)
5). If this firm's situation is typical for the other makers of banana bread, will resources flow toward or away from this bakery good?
Last year, you estimated you would earn $5 millionin sales revenues from developing a new product.So far, you have spent $3 million developing theproduct, but it is not yet complete. Meanwhile,this year you have new sales projections that showexpected revenues from the new product will actually be only $4 million. How much should you bewilling to spend to complete the product development? [LO 1.2]a. $0 .b. Up to $1 million .c. Up to $4 million .d. Whatever it takes
Chapter 28 Solutions
Economics (Irwin Economics)
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- Ma2. Required: Question 3.(LO3 Apply) Simon Ltd is run by Simon Leather who makes leather belts for designers. He uses the finest Argentinean leather and needs highly trained machinists to make the belts up to the quality designers expect. His beits usually sell for £50 per item and use 0.2m² of leather and 30 minutes of labor. Simon Ltd has 5 staff. They work a standard 8-hour day, 5 days a week, 48 weeks of the year. They earn £15 per hour. Leather costs £20 per meter. Simon also has some variable overheads of £6 per unit. Fixed overheads are £28,800. a) Calculate the number of belts Simon will have to sell to break even. Simon decides to branch out and start to also sell handbags to the same market. The handbags sell for €250 each and use 1.5m² of leather with 1 hour of labor being required. Variable overheads are £20 per handbag. There has been a bad case of foot and mouth in Argentina. Simon can only use the leather he has currently being shipped to him for the next…arrow_forwardWith current technology, suppose a firm is producing 400 loaves of banana bread daily. Also assume that the least-cost combination of resources in producing those loaves is 5 units of labor, 7 units of land, 2 units of capital, and 1 unit of entrepreneurial ability, selling at prices of $40, $60, $60, and $20, respectively. If the firm can sell these 400 loaves at $2 per unit, what is its total revenue? Its total cost? Its profit or loss? Will it continue to produce banana bread? If this firm’s situation is typical for the other makers of banana bread, will resources flow toward or away from this bakery good?arrow_forward. Suppose that a car dealership wishes to see if efficiency wages will help improve its salespeople’s productivity. Currently, each salesperson sells an average of one car per day while being paid $20 per hour for an eight-hour day. LO17.8 What is the current labor cost per car sold? Suppose that when the dealer raises the price of labor to $30 per hour the average number of cars sold by a salesperson increases to two per day. What is now the labor cost per car sold? By how much is it higher or lower than it was before? Has the efficiency of labor expenditures by the firm (cars sold per dollar of wages paid to salespeople) increased or decreased? Suppose that if the wage is raised a second time to $40 per hour the number of cars sold rises to an average of 2.5 per day. What is now the labor cost per car sold? If the firm’s goal is to maximize the efficiency of its labor expenditures, which of the three hourly salary rates should it use: $20 per hour, $30 per hour, or $40 per hour?…arrow_forward
- Subscribing to the theory that life is indeed a beach, the residents of La Playa spend all of their money on three things: Every year, they collectively buy 250 bathing suits, 600 tubes of sunscreen, and 400 beach towels. Using the data in Table 8P - 1 , calculate the following . [LO 8.1] a. The total cost of this basket each year 2013 through . b. How much the price of this basket has changed from year to year in percentage terms. threearrow_forwardWhy would a firm be happy to earn zero economic profits? Because zero economic profit means that the firm earns Select one.O. enough in total revenues to pay for all the fixed cost and some but not all of the variable costs.O. enough in total revenues to pay for all the accounting costs but none of the opportunity costs.O. zero accounting profit.O. enough in total revenues to pay for all the accounting costs and all of the opportunity costs.arrow_forwardPROBLEMS 1. Workers are compensated by firms with “benefits” in addition to wages and salaries. The most prominent benefit offered by many firms is health insurance. Suppose that in 2000, workers at one steel plant were paid $20 per hour and in addition received health benefits at the rate of $4 per hour. Also suppose that by 2010 workers at that plant were paid $21 per hour but received $9 in health insurance benefits. LO17.1 By what percentage did total compensation (wages plus benefits) change at this plant from 2000 to 2010? What was the approximate average annual percentage change in total compensation? By what percentage did wages change at this plant from 2000 to 2010? What was the approximate average annual percentage change in wages? If workers value a dollar of health benefits as much as they value a dollar of wages, by what total percentage will they feel that their incomes have risen over this time period? What if they only consider wages when calculating their incomes?…arrow_forward
- What are spillover effects and how do they affect growth? (LO27-4)arrow_forwardConsider a small landscaping company run by Mr. Viemeister. He is considering increasing his firm’s capacity. If he adds one more worker, the firm’s total monthly revenue will increase from $50,000 to $58,000. If he adds one more tractor, monthly revenue will increase from $50,000 to $62,000. Each additional worker costs $4,000 per month, while an additional tractor would also cost $4,000 per month. LO16.5 a. What is the marginal product of labor? The marginal product of capital? b. What is the ratio of the marginal product of labor to the price of labor (MPL/PL)? What is the ratio of the marginal product of capital to the price of capital (MPK/PK)? c. Is the firm using the least-costly combination of inputs? d. Does adding an additional worker or adding an additional tractor yield a larger increase in total revenue for each dollar spent?arrow_forwardSuppose that 10 workers were required in 2010 to produce 40,000 bushels of wheat on a 1,000-acre farm. a. What is the average output per acre? Per worker? b. If in 2020 only 8 workers produce 44,000 bushels of wheat on that same 1,000-acre farm, what will be the average output per acre? Per worker? c. By what percentage does productivity (output per worker) increase over those 10 years? Over those 10 years, what is the average annual percentage increase in productivity?arrow_forward
- Average total cost tells us the O 1) cost of the last unit of output, if total cost does not include a fixed cost component. 2) variable cost of a firm that is producing at least one unit of output. 3) O 4) total cost of the first unit of output, if total cost is divided evenly over all th units produced. cost of a typical unit of output, if total cost is divided evenly over all the uni produced.arrow_forwardSuppose that low-skilled workers employed in clearing woodland can each clear one acre per month if each is equipped with a shovel, a machete, and a chainsaw. Clearing one acre brings in $1,000 in revenue. Each worker’s equipment costs the worker’s employer $150 per month to rent and each worker toils 40 hours per week for four weeks each month. LO17.6 Now consider the employer’s total costs. These include the equipment costs as well as a normal profit of $50 per acre. If the firm pays workers the minimum wage of $6.20 per hour, what will the firm’s economic profit or loss be per acre? At what value would the minimum wage have to be set so that the firm would make zero economic profit from employing an additional low-skilled worker to clear woodland?arrow_forwardDiscuss the impact of the following factors on the optimal method of procuring an input. (LO1, LO3) a. Benefits from specialization. b. Bureaucracy costs. c. Opportunism on either side of the transaction. d. Specialized investments. e. Unspecifiable events. f. Bargaining costs.arrow_forward
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