Concept explainers
Most modern scanning electron microscopes (SEMs) are equipped with energy-dispersive X-ray detectors for the purpose of chemical analysis of the specimens. This X-ray analysis is a natural extension of the capability of the SEM because the electrons that are used to form the image are also capable of creating characteristic X-rays in the sample. When the electron beam hits the specimen, X-rays specific to the elements in the specimen are created. These can be detected and used to deduce the composition of the specimen from the well-known wavelengths of the characteristic X-rays of the elements. For example:
Suppose a metallic alloy is examined in an SEM and three different X-ray energies are detected. If the three energies are 7492, 5426, and 6417 eV, what elements are present in the sample? What would you call such an alloy? (Look ahead to Chap. 9 in the textbook.)
The element present in the sample when the X-ray energy is 7462 eV.
Answer to Problem 70SEP
The element present in the sample when the X-ray energy is 7462 eV is
Explanation of Solution
Write the equation to calculate the wavelength of the characteristic X-rays of the element
Here, energy of the radiation is
Conclusion:
The values of Planck constant and speed of light are
Substitute
From the given table, the wavelength value of
Thus, the element present in the sample when the X-ray energy is 7462 eV is
The element present in the sample when the X-ray energy is 5426 eV.
Answer to Problem 70SEP
The element present in the sample when the X-ray energy is 5426 eV is
Explanation of Solution
Conclusion:
Substitute
From the given table, the wavelength value of
Thus, the element present in the sample when the X-ray energy is 5426 eV is
The element present in the sample when the X-ray energy is 6417 eV.
Answer to Problem 70SEP
The element present in the sample when the X-ray energy is 6417 eV is
Explanation of Solution
Conclusion:
Substitute
From the given table, the wavelength value of
Thus, the element present in the sample when the X-ray energy is 6417 eV is
The elements, chromium, iron and nickel present in the sample represent the principal constituents of the austenitic stainless steels.
Want to see more full solutions like this?
Chapter 2 Solutions
Foundations of Materials Science and Engineering
- if Planck's constant were smaller than it is, would quantum phenomena be more or less conspicuous than they are now?arrow_forwardWhat is experimental stress analysis? Methods used in experimental stress analysis Explain the Photoelasticity method with its principles by writing their names.arrow_forwardWhat is wrong with each of the following quantum number designationsand/or sublevel names?arrow_forward
- Consider the Bragg equation in the x-ray diffraction. If the value of the wavelength is doubled, which of the following is NOT truearrow_forwardhow can I determine the regiochemical outcome of a compound from its H' NMR?arrow_forwardwhen an electron and a photon of the same kinetic energy encounter a potential barrier of the same height and width, which one ofarrow_forward
- Determine the Miller indices for Plane A and Plane B as shownarrow_forwardAt what speed must a proton travel in order to have the same de Broglie wavelength as an electron moving at 5 x 106 m/s?arrow_forward(a ) Rhodium has an atomic radius of 0.1345 nm and a density of 12.41 g/cm^3 . Determine whether it has an FCC or BCC crystal structure. (Note: It has an atomic weight of 102.91 g/mol.) (b) If aluminum diffused into a thick slice of silicon with no previous aluminum in it at the temperature of 1100 degrees celcius for 6 hours, what is the depth below the surface at which the concentration is 1016 atoms/cm^3 if the surface concentration is 1018 atoms/cm^3 . D=2x10^(-12) cm^2 /s for Al diffusing in Si at 1100 degrees celcius.arrow_forward
- Elements Of ElectromagneticsMechanical EngineeringISBN:9780190698614Author:Sadiku, Matthew N. O.Publisher:Oxford University PressMechanics of Materials (10th Edition)Mechanical EngineeringISBN:9780134319650Author:Russell C. HibbelerPublisher:PEARSONThermodynamics: An Engineering ApproachMechanical EngineeringISBN:9781259822674Author:Yunus A. Cengel Dr., Michael A. BolesPublisher:McGraw-Hill Education
- Control Systems EngineeringMechanical EngineeringISBN:9781118170519Author:Norman S. NisePublisher:WILEYMechanics of Materials (MindTap Course List)Mechanical EngineeringISBN:9781337093347Author:Barry J. Goodno, James M. GerePublisher:Cengage LearningEngineering Mechanics: StaticsMechanical EngineeringISBN:9781118807330Author:James L. Meriam, L. G. Kraige, J. N. BoltonPublisher:WILEY