The types of forces, which help the insulin to bind to its target, and the truth about the amino acids placed at positions B 23 , B 24 , A 2 , A 19 , and A 3 , which allow them to get involved in the substrate binding. Figure: Structure of canine insulin. Introduction: The quaternary structure of the proteins involves two or more chains of the peptides that held together with the help of various covalent and noncovalent forces like hydrogen bonds, van der Waal forces of attraction, and disulfide linkages. An enzyme is held to its substrate with the help of van der Waal forces of attraction.

Question

Want to see more full solutions like this?

Answer 1

Question

Chapter 3, Problem 1Q

Summary Introduction

To review:

The types of forces, which help the insulin to bind to its target, and the truth about the amino acids placed at positions B₂₃, B₂₄, A₂, A₁₉, and A₃, which allow them to get involved in the substrate binding.

Figure: Structure of canine insulin.

Introduction:

The quaternary structure of the proteins involves two or more chains of the peptides that held together with the help of various covalent and noncovalent forces like hydrogen bonds, van der Waal forces of attraction, and disulfide linkages. An enzyme is held to its substrate with the help of van der Waal forces of attraction.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

Insulin is an enzyme, which helps to lower the blood glucose level by storing it in the form of glycogen in the muscle tissues. It binds to its substrate, that is, glucose by the noncovalent van der Waal interactions. The van der Waal interactions occur over a short distance and are weak forces. Generally, enzymes bind to their substrate with the help of these forces so that products formed could be detached easily from the enzyme and it again becomes available for the next cycle of reaction.

The part of the insulin enzyme, that is involved in van der Waal interaction, contains hydrophobic amino acid groups (−R group), for example, valine, isoleucine, glycine, and phenylalanine, which might have placed on the positions such as A₂, A₃, A₁₉, B₂₃, and B₂₄. The –R groups protrude out of the insulin side chain so that they could interact with the target molecules or the amino acids that are present in the substrates.

Conclusion

Thus, it can be concluded that the noncovalent interactions like van der Waal forces help the insulin to bind to its substrates. Amino acids at the positions B₂₃, B₂₄, A₂, A₁₉, and A₃ might contain hydrophobic side chain amino acid groups so that they help insulin to bind to substrates.

Want to see more full solutions like this?

Subscribe now to access step-by-step solutions to millions of textbook problems written by subject matter experts!

Students have asked these similar questions

What is the ligand(signaling molecule) in a(an) insulin signaling pathway and what causes this ligand to be sent out?

What happens to the insulin-secreting capacity of a type 2 diabetic placed on insulin therapy earlier than recommended? Can the external supply of insulin improve the functional capacity of the insulin-secreting cells, to some extent by providing some rest to these cells? Is inhaled insulin a suitable substitute for injectable insulin? Is there, or will there soon be, insulin in the form of a tablet?

What advantage is there to having insulin-dependent glucose transporters already synthesized and prepackaged in a cell, even before it is stimulated by insulin?

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 3, Problem 1Q

Summary Introduction

To review:

The types of forces, which help the insulin to bind to its target, and the truth about the amino acids placed at positions B₂₃, B₂₄, A₂, A₁₉, and A₃, which allow them to get involved in the substrate binding.

Figure: Structure of canine insulin.

Introduction:

The quaternary structure of the proteins involves two or more chains of the peptides that held together with the help of various covalent and noncovalent forces like hydrogen bonds, van der Waal forces of attraction, and disulfide linkages. An enzyme is held to its substrate with the help of van der Waal forces of attraction.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

Insulin is an enzyme, which helps to lower the blood glucose level by storing it in the form of glycogen in the muscle tissues. It binds to its substrate, that is, glucose by the noncovalent van der Waal interactions. The van der Waal interactions occur over a short distance and are weak forces. Generally, enzymes bind to their substrate with the help of these forces so that products formed could be detached easily from the enzyme and it again becomes available for the next cycle of reaction.

The part of the insulin enzyme, that is involved in van der Waal interaction, contains hydrophobic amino acid groups (−R group), for example, valine, isoleucine, glycine, and phenylalanine, which might have placed on the positions such as A₂, A₃, A₁₉, B₂₃, and B₂₄. The –R groups protrude out of the insulin side chain so that they could interact with the target molecules or the amino acids that are present in the substrates.

Conclusion

Thus, it can be concluded that the noncovalent interactions like van der Waal forces help the insulin to bind to its substrates. Amino acids at the positions B₂₃, B₂₄, A₂, A₁₉, and A₃ might contain hydrophobic side chain amino acid groups so that they help insulin to bind to substrates.

Want to see more full solutions like this?

Subscribe now to access step-by-step solutions to millions of textbook problems written by subject matter experts!

Answer 3

Question

Chapter 3, Problem 1Q

Summary Introduction

To review:

The types of forces, which help the insulin to bind to its target, and the truth about the amino acids placed at positions B₂₃, B₂₄, A₂, A₁₉, and A₃, which allow them to get involved in the substrate binding.

Figure: Structure of canine insulin.

Introduction:

The quaternary structure of the proteins involves two or more chains of the peptides that held together with the help of various covalent and noncovalent forces like hydrogen bonds, van der Waal forces of attraction, and disulfide linkages. An enzyme is held to its substrate with the help of van der Waal forces of attraction.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

Insulin is an enzyme, which helps to lower the blood glucose level by storing it in the form of glycogen in the muscle tissues. It binds to its substrate, that is, glucose by the noncovalent van der Waal interactions. The van der Waal interactions occur over a short distance and are weak forces. Generally, enzymes bind to their substrate with the help of these forces so that products formed could be detached easily from the enzyme and it again becomes available for the next cycle of reaction.

The part of the insulin enzyme, that is involved in van der Waal interaction, contains hydrophobic amino acid groups (−R group), for example, valine, isoleucine, glycine, and phenylalanine, which might have placed on the positions such as A₂, A₃, A₁₉, B₂₃, and B₂₄. The –R groups protrude out of the insulin side chain so that they could interact with the target molecules or the amino acids that are present in the substrates.

Conclusion

Thus, it can be concluded that the noncovalent interactions like van der Waal forces help the insulin to bind to its substrates. Amino acids at the positions B₂₃, B₂₄, A₂, A₁₉, and A₃ might contain hydrophobic side chain amino acid groups so that they help insulin to bind to substrates.

Want to see more full solutions like this?

Subscribe now to access step-by-step solutions to millions of textbook problems written by subject matter experts!

Answer 4

Question

Chapter 3, Problem 1Q

Summary Introduction

To review:

The types of forces, which help the insulin to bind to its target, and the truth about the amino acids placed at positions B₂₃, B₂₄, A₂, A₁₉, and A₃, which allow them to get involved in the substrate binding.

Figure: Structure of canine insulin.

Introduction:

The quaternary structure of the proteins involves two or more chains of the peptides that held together with the help of various covalent and noncovalent forces like hydrogen bonds, van der Waal forces of attraction, and disulfide linkages. An enzyme is held to its substrate with the help of van der Waal forces of attraction.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

Insulin is an enzyme, which helps to lower the blood glucose level by storing it in the form of glycogen in the muscle tissues. It binds to its substrate, that is, glucose by the noncovalent van der Waal interactions. The van der Waal interactions occur over a short distance and are weak forces. Generally, enzymes bind to their substrate with the help of these forces so that products formed could be detached easily from the enzyme and it again becomes available for the next cycle of reaction.

The part of the insulin enzyme, that is involved in van der Waal interaction, contains hydrophobic amino acid groups (−R group), for example, valine, isoleucine, glycine, and phenylalanine, which might have placed on the positions such as A₂, A₃, A₁₉, B₂₃, and B₂₄. The –R groups protrude out of the insulin side chain so that they could interact with the target molecules or the amino acids that are present in the substrates.

Conclusion

Thus, it can be concluded that the noncovalent interactions like van der Waal forces help the insulin to bind to its substrates. Amino acids at the positions B₂₃, B₂₄, A₂, A₁₉, and A₃ might contain hydrophobic side chain amino acid groups so that they help insulin to bind to substrates.

Want to see more full solutions like this?

Subscribe now to access step-by-step solutions to millions of textbook problems written by subject matter experts!

Answer 5

Chapter 3, Problem 1Q

Summary Introduction

To review:

The types of forces, which help the insulin to bind to its target, and the truth about the amino acids placed at positions B₂₃, B₂₄, A₂, A₁₉, and A₃, which allow them to get involved in the substrate binding.

Figure: Structure of canine insulin.

Introduction:

The quaternary structure of the proteins involves two or more chains of the peptides that held together with the help of various covalent and noncovalent forces like hydrogen bonds, van der Waal forces of attraction, and disulfide linkages. An enzyme is held to its substrate with the help of van der Waal forces of attraction.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

Insulin is an enzyme, which helps to lower the blood glucose level by storing it in the form of glycogen in the muscle tissues. It binds to its substrate, that is, glucose by the noncovalent van der Waal interactions. The van der Waal interactions occur over a short distance and are weak forces. Generally, enzymes bind to their substrate with the help of these forces so that products formed could be detached easily from the enzyme and it again becomes available for the next cycle of reaction.

The part of the insulin enzyme, that is involved in van der Waal interaction, contains hydrophobic amino acid groups (−R group), for example, valine, isoleucine, glycine, and phenylalanine, which might have placed on the positions such as A₂, A₃, A₁₉, B₂₃, and B₂₄. The –R groups protrude out of the insulin side chain so that they could interact with the target molecules or the amino acids that are present in the substrates.

Conclusion

Thus, it can be concluded that the noncovalent interactions like van der Waal forces help the insulin to bind to its substrates. Amino acids at the positions B₂₃, B₂₄, A₂, A₁₉, and A₃ might contain hydrophobic side chain amino acid groups so that they help insulin to bind to substrates.

Answer 6

Chapter 3, Problem 1Q

Summary Introduction

To review:

The types of forces, which help the insulin to bind to its target, and the truth about the amino acids placed at positions B₂₃, B₂₄, A₂, A₁₉, and A₃, which allow them to get involved in the substrate binding.

Figure: Structure of canine insulin.

Introduction:

The quaternary structure of the proteins involves two or more chains of the peptides that held together with the help of various covalent and noncovalent forces like hydrogen bonds, van der Waal forces of attraction, and disulfide linkages. An enzyme is held to its substrate with the help of van der Waal forces of attraction.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

Insulin is an enzyme, which helps to lower the blood glucose level by storing it in the form of glycogen in the muscle tissues. It binds to its substrate, that is, glucose by the noncovalent van der Waal interactions. The van der Waal interactions occur over a short distance and are weak forces. Generally, enzymes bind to their substrate with the help of these forces so that products formed could be detached easily from the enzyme and it again becomes available for the next cycle of reaction.

The part of the insulin enzyme, that is involved in van der Waal interaction, contains hydrophobic amino acid groups (−R group), for example, valine, isoleucine, glycine, and phenylalanine, which might have placed on the positions such as A₂, A₃, A₁₉, B₂₃, and B₂₄. The –R groups protrude out of the insulin side chain so that they could interact with the target molecules or the amino acids that are present in the substrates.

Conclusion

Thus, it can be concluded that the noncovalent interactions like van der Waal forces help the insulin to bind to its substrates. Amino acids at the positions B₂₃, B₂₄, A₂, A₁₉, and A₃ might contain hydrophobic side chain amino acid groups so that they help insulin to bind to substrates.

Answer 7

Chapter 3, Problem 1Q

Summary Introduction

To review:

The types of forces, which help the insulin to bind to its target, and the truth about the amino acids placed at positions B₂₃, B₂₄, A₂, A₁₉, and A₃, which allow them to get involved in the substrate binding.

Figure: Structure of canine insulin.

Introduction:

The quaternary structure of the proteins involves two or more chains of the peptides that held together with the help of various covalent and noncovalent forces like hydrogen bonds, van der Waal forces of attraction, and disulfide linkages. An enzyme is held to its substrate with the help of van der Waal forces of attraction.

Answer 8

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

Insulin is an enzyme, which helps to lower the blood glucose level by storing it in the form of glycogen in the muscle tissues. It binds to its substrate, that is, glucose by the noncovalent van der Waal interactions. The van der Waal interactions occur over a short distance and are weak forces. Generally, enzymes bind to their substrate with the help of these forces so that products formed could be detached easily from the enzyme and it again becomes available for the next cycle of reaction.

The part of the insulin enzyme, that is involved in van der Waal interaction, contains hydrophobic amino acid groups (−R group), for example, valine, isoleucine, glycine, and phenylalanine, which might have placed on the positions such as A₂, A₃, A₁₉, B₂₃, and B₂₄. The –R groups protrude out of the insulin side chain so that they could interact with the target molecules or the amino acids that are present in the substrates.

Answer 9

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer 10

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer 11

Conclusion

Thus, it can be concluded that the noncovalent interactions like van der Waal forces help the insulin to bind to its substrates. Amino acids at the positions B₂₃, B₂₄, A₂, A₁₉, and A₃ might contain hydrophobic side chain amino acid groups so that they help insulin to bind to substrates.

Answer 12

Ch. 3.1 - Prob. 4R Ch. 3.1 - Prob. 5R Ch. 3.1 - Prob. 6R Ch. 3.2 - Prob. 1R Ch. 3.2 - Prob. 2R Ch. 3.3 - Prob. 1R Ch. 3.3 - Prob. 2R Ch. 3.4 - Prob. 1R Ch. 3.4 - Prob. 2R Ch. 3.4 - Prob. 3R

Videos

Explanation of Solution

Want to see more full solutions like this?

Chapter 3 Solutions