Kirchhoff’s laws apply whether or not Ohm’s law applies to a particular element. The I-V characteristic of a diode, for example, is given by
where VT = 27 mV at room temperature and IS can vary from 10−12 to 10−3 A. In the circuit of Fig. 3.69, use KVL/KCL to obtain ID and VD if IS = 45 nA.
(Note: This problem results in a transcendental equation, requiring an iterative approach to obtaining a numerical solution. Most scientific calculators will perform such a function.)
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