(a)
Concept introduction:
Sustainability Standards:
These standards define characteristics of a provided organization that focuses on the environmental performance and set a benchmark for them. Nowadays, it is usually preferred to adopt the sustainability related measures.
To compute:
The annual savings in direct raw material.
(b)
Concept introduction:
Sustainability Standards:
These standards define characteristics of a provided organization that focuses on the environmental performance and set a benchmark for them. Nowadays, it is usually preferred to adopt the sustainability related measures.
To compute:
The economic benefit other than the direct material cost savings.
(c)
Concept introduction:
Sustainability Standards:
These standards define characteristics of a provided organization that focuses on the environmental performance and set a benchmark for them. Nowadays, it is usually preferred to adopt the sustainability related measures.
Themeaning of double-bottom line and triple-bottom line.
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Managerial Accounting
- Bienestar, Inc., has two plants that manufacture a line of wheelchairs. One is located in Kansas City, and the other in Tulsa. Each plant is set up as a profit center. During the past year, both plants sold their tilt wheelchair model for 1,620. Sales volume averages 20,000 units per year in each plant. Recently, the Kansas City plant reduced the price of the tilt model to 1,440. Discussion with the Kansas City manager revealed that the price reduction was possible because the plant had reduced its manufacturing and selling costs by reducing what was called non-value-added costs. The Kansas City manufacturing and selling costs for the tilt model were 1,260 per unit. The Kansas City manager offered to loan the Tulsa plant his cost accounting manager to help it achieve similar results. The Tulsa plant manager readily agreed, knowing that his plant must keep pacenot only with the Kansas City plant but also with competitors. A local competitor had also reduced its price on a similar model, and Tulsas marketing manager had indicated that the price must be matched or sales would drop dramatically. In fact, the marketing manager suggested that if the price were dropped to 1,404 by the end of the year, the plant could expand its share of the market by 20 percent. The plant manager agreed but insisted that the current profit per unit must be maintained. He also wants to know if the plant can at least match the 1,260 per-unit cost of the Kansas City plant and if the plant can achieve the cost reduction using the approach of the Kansas City plant. The plant controller and the Kansas City cost accounting manager have assembled the following data for the most recent year. The actual cost of inputs, their value-added (ideal) quantity levels, and the actual quantity levels are provided (for production of 20,000 units). Assume there is no difference between actual prices of activity units and standard prices. Required: 1. Calculate the target cost for expanding the Tulsa plants market share by 20 percent, assuming that the per-unit profitability is maintained as requested by the plant manager. 2. Calculate the non-value-added cost per unit. Assuming that non-value-added costs can be reduced to zero, can the Tulsa plant match the Kansas City per-unit cost? Can the target cost for expanding market share be achieved? What actions would you take if you were the plant manager? 3. Describe the role that benchmarking played in the effort of the Tulsa plant to protect and improve its competitive position.arrow_forwardGagnon Company reported the following sales and quality costs for the past four years. Assume that all quality costs are variable and that all changes in the quality cost ratios are due to a quality improvement program. Required: 1. Compute the quality costs for all four years. By how much did net income increase from Year 1 to Year 2 because of quality improvements? From Year 2 to Year 3? From Year 3 to Year 4? 2. The management of Gagnon Company believes it is possible to reduce quality costs to 2.5 percent of sales. Assuming sales will continue at the Year 4 level, calculate the additional profit potential facing Gagnon. Is the expectation of improving quality and reducing costs to 2.5 percent of sales realistic? Explain. 3. Assume that Gagnon produces one type of product, which is sold on a bid basis. In Years 1 and 2, the average bid was 400. In Year 1, total variable costs were 250 per unit. In Year 3, competition forced the bid to drop to 380. Compute the total contribution margin in Year 3 assuming the same quality costs as in Year 1. Now, compute the total contribution margin in Year 3 using the actual quality costs for Year 3. What is the increase in profitability resulting from the quality improvements made from Year 1 to Year 3?arrow_forward. A company produces two kinds of hammers: one with longer handles and one with shorter handles. The longer hammer uses better materials and has a better design for back support. During the past year, 200,000 shorter hammers and 50,000 longer hammers were produced and sold. Fixed costs amount to $500,000. If the shorter hammers were dropped from production, $180,000 of the fixed costs would be avoided. If the longer hammers were dropped, $90,000 of the fixed costs would be avoided. Shorter Longer Variable expenses/unit $40 $86 Sales price/unit $44 $90 The contribution margin of the shorter and longer hammers, respectively is a. $200,000/$800,000 c. $8000,000/$4,300,000 b. $620,000/110,000 d. $800,000/$200,000arrow_forward
- Lopez Company is experiencing a bottleneck in its plant. Setup time has been identified as the bottleneck. The production manager has proposed a plan to reconfigure the plant layout that will reduce setup time. The following information is available regarding this change: Cost of Reconfiguration $41,000 Additional unit production and sales 9,000 Selling price $15.25 Direct Materials $ 5.00 Direct Labor $ 4.25 Variable Overhead $ 2.00 Which of the following best describes the financial results and whether Lopez Co. should go forward with the reconfiguration?arrow_forwardTidwell, Inc., has two plants that manufacture a line of wheelchairs. One is located in Dallas, and the other in Oklahoma City. Each plant is set up as a profit center. During the past year, both plants sold their tilt wheelchair model for $1,782. Sales volume averages 20,000 units per year in each plant. Recently, the Dallas plant reduced the price of the tilt model to $1,584. Discussion with the Dallas manager revealed that the price reduction was possible because the plant had reduced its manufacturing and selling costs by reducing what was called “non-value-added costs.” The Dallas manufacturing and selling costs for the tilt model were $1,386 per unit. The Dallas manager offered to loan the Oklahoma City plant his cost accounting manager to help it achieve similar results. The Oklahoma City plant manager readily agreed, knowing that his plant must keep pace—not only with the Dallas plant but also with competitors. A local competitor had also reduced its price on a similar model,…arrow_forwardTidwell, Inc., has two plants that manufacture a line of wheelchairs. One is located in Dallas, and the other in Oklahoma City. Each plant is set up as a profit center. During the past year, both plants sold their tilt wheelchair model for $1,782. Sales volume averages 20,000 units per year in each plant. Recently, the Dallas plant reduced the price of the tilt model to $1,584. Discussion with the Dallas manager revealed that the price reduction was possible because the plant had reduced its manufacturing and selling costs by reducing what was called “non-value-added costs.” The Dallas manufacturing and selling costs for the tilt model were $1,386 per unit. The Dallas manager offered to loan the Oklahoma City plant his cost accounting manager to help it achieve similar results. The Oklahoma City plant manager readily agreed, knowing that his plant must keep pace—not only with the Dallas plant but also with competitors. A local competitor had also reduced its price on a similar model,…arrow_forward
- MM Co. uses corrugated cardboard to ship its product to customers. Management believes it has found a more efficient way to package its products and use less cardboard. This new approach will reduce shipping costs from $10.00 per shipment to $9.25 per shipment. (1) If the company forecasts 1,200 shipments this year, what amount of total direct materials costs would appear on the shipping department’s flexible budget? (2) How much is this sustainability improvement predicted to save in direct materials costs for this coming year?arrow_forwardAssume that as a result of reorganizing the production process, the management of Benoit Manufacturing was able to reduce direct material cost per unit by $5 due to a change in the supplier of the raw material used in the production process. Variable manufacturing overhead per unit would also decrease by $3. The business is also considering paying additional annual commission of $36,400 to its sales team as part of the sales expansion effort, which should result in an increase in sales revenue.The head of the marketing department has indicated that the effort of the sales team should result in a 5% increase in sales volume. What must the new selling price per unit be if the company wishes to meet the shareholder's desired profit level for 2020? Is this a viable option? Consider B/E units & dollars The margin of Safety and Operating Income due to the changed variablesarrow_forwardAssume that as a result of reorganizing the production process, the management of Benoit Manufacturing was able to reduce direct material cost per unit by $5 due to a change in the supplier of the raw material used in the production process. Variable manufacturing overhead per unit would also decrease by $3. The business is also considering paying additional annual commission of $36,400 to its sales team as part of the sales expansion effort, which should result in an increase in sales revenue.The head of the marketing department has indicated that the effort of the sales team should result in a 5% increase in sales volume. What must the new selling price per unit be if the company wishes to meet the shareholder's desired profit level for 2020? Is this a viable option?arrow_forward
- Nico Parts, Inc., produces electronic products with short life cycles (of less than two years). De-velopment has to be rapid, and the profitability of the products is tied strongly to the ability to find designs that will keep production and logistics costs low. Recently, management has alsodecided that post-purchase costs are important in design decisions. Last month, a proposal for anew product was presented to management. The total market was projected at 200,000 units (forthe two-year period). The proposed selling price was $130 per unit. At this price, market sharewas expected to be 25 percent. The manufacturing and logistics costs were estimated to be $120per unit.Upon reviewing the projected figures, Brian Metcalf, president of Nico, called in his chiefdesign engineer, Mark Williams, and his marketing manager, Cathy McCourt. The followingconversation was recorded: BRIAN: Mark, as you know, we agreed that a profit of $15 per unit is needed for this new prod-uct. Also, as I look…arrow_forwardWright Plastic Products is a small company that specialized in the production of plastic dinner plates until several years ago. Although profits for the company had been good, they have been declining in recent years because of increased competition. Many competitors offer a full range of plastic products, and management felt that this created a competitive disadvantage. The output of the companys plants was exclusively devoted to plastic dinner plates. Three years ago, management made a decision to add additional product lines. They determined that existing idle capacity in each plant could easily be adapted to produce other plastic products. Each plant would produce one additional product line. For example, the Atlanta plant would add a line of plastic cups. Moreover, the variable cost of producing a package of cups (one dozen) was virtually identical to that of a package of plastic plates. (Variable costs referred to here are those that change in total as the units produced change. The costs include direct materials, direct labor, and unit-based variable overhead such as power and other machine costs.) Since the fixed expenses would not change, the new product was forecast to increase profits significantly (for the Atlanta plant). Two years after the addition of the new product line, the profits of the Atlanta plant (as well as other plants) had not improvedin fact, they had dropped. Upon investigation, the president of the company discovered that profits had not increased as expected because the so-called fixed cost pool had increased dramatically. The president interviewed the manager of each support department at the Atlanta plant. Typical responses from four of those managers are given next. Materials handling: The additional batches caused by the cups increased the demand for materials handling. We had to add one forklift and hire additional materials handling labor. Inspection: Inspecting cups is more complicated than plastic plates. We only inspect a sample drawn from every batch, but you need to understand that the number of batches has increased with this new product line. We had to hire more inspection labor. Purchasing: The new line increased the number of purchase orders. We had to use more resources to handle this increased volume. Accounting: There were more transactions to process than before. We had to increase our staff. Required: 1. Explain why the results of adding the new product line were not accurately projected. 2. Could this problem have been avoided with an activity-based cost management system? If so, would you recommend that the company adopt this type of system? Explain and discuss the differences between an activity-based cost management system and a traditional cost management system.arrow_forwardMallorys Video Supply has changed its focus tremendously and as a result has dropped the selling price of DVD players from $45 to $38. Some units in the work-in-process inventory have costs of $30 per unit associated with them, but Mallory can only sell these units in their current state for $22 each. Otherwise, it will cost Mallory $11 per unit to rework these units so that they can be sold for $38 each. How much is the financial impact if the units are processed further? A. $5 per unit profit 8. $16 per unit profit C. $3 per unit loss D. $12 per unit lossarrow_forward
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