Concept explainers
Interpretation:
The reaction between
Concept introduction:
Lewis acids are electron pair acceptors.
Lewis bases are electron pair donors.
Any electron deficient species can act as a Lewis acid such as compounds containing group IIIA elements like Boron or Aluminum.
Compounds having vacant orbitals also act as Lewis acids like halides of Iron, Zinc and Aluminum.
Electron loving or seeking compounds are called Electrophiles.
All Lewis acids are electrophiles but all electrophiles are not Lewis acids
Electron donating compounds are called Nucleophiles.
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Chapter 3 Solutions
EBK ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- (b) A compound with the molecular formula C4H9CI has four structural isomers. Write the structural formulas for all the four isomers. (c) Arrange the following compounds in order of increasing acidity, and explain the reasons forarrow_forwardWhich compound in each of the following pairs would have the higher boiling point? .Explain your answers (1) or HO. (a) (Ь) (2) HO HO. or HO. (b) (а) (3)[ OH or (a) (b)arrow_forwardChemical Equilibrium Write the equilibrium-constant expressions and obtain numerical values for each constant in (a) the basic dissociation of aniline, C6H5NH2. (b) the acidic dissociation of hypochlorous acid, HClO. (c) the acidic dissociation of methyl ammonium hydrochloride, CH3NH3Cl. (d) the basic dissociation of NaNO2. (e) the dissociation of H3AsO3 to H3O+ and AsO33- Using step-by-step processarrow_forward
- 1. Write the equilibrium-constant expressions and obtain numerical values for each constant in(a) the basic dissociation of aniline, C6H5NH2 .(b) the acidic dissociation of hypochlorous acid, HClO.(c) the acidic dissociation of methyl ammonium hydrochloride, CH3NH3Cl.(d) the basic dissociation of NaNO2 .(e) the dissociation of H3AsO3 to H3O + and AsO33- 2. The chemicals A and B react as follows to produce C and D: A + B ↔ C + DKe = [C] [D] [A] [B] The equilibrium constant Ke has a value of 0.30. Assume 0.20 mol of A and 0.50 mol of B are dissolved in 1.00 L, and the reaction proceeds. Calculate the concentrations of reactants [A], [B] and products [C], [D] at equilibrium. Using step-by-step processarrow_forwardHow do triphenylphosphine and borane form a Lewis acid-base adduct? (a) The phosphorus atom in triphenylphosphine is less electronegative than the boron atom in borane and is thus attracted to boron to form the bond. (b) The phosphorus in triphenylphosphine exchanges with the boron from borane. (c) Triphenylphosphine donates the lone pair on its phosphorus to the electron-deficient boron in borane. (d) Triphenylphosphine donates a phenyl ring from its phosphorus to the electron-deficient boron in borane. (e) The phosphorus in triphenylphosphine accepts a proton from the proton-rich borane.arrow_forwardWrite the equilibrium-constant expressions and obtain numerical values for each constant in (a) the basic dissociation of aniline, C6H5NH2. (b) the acidic dissociation of hypochlorous acid, HClO. (c) the acidic dissociation of methyl ammonium hydrochloride, CH3NH3Cl. (d) the basic dissociation of NaNO2. (e) the dissociation of H3AsO3 to H3O+ and AsO33- just answer the letters C, D and E.arrow_forward
- Identify the functional groups in the following molecules. (Use names from the table below. List each class of functional group only once. If there are fewer than 3 functional groups, leave an appropriate number of answer boxes empty.) HO CHS a) b) OH amine Carboxylic Acid Give detailed Solution with explanation needed, don't give Handwritten answer arene NH₂ phenylalaninearrow_forwardInterpret the acidity of alcohols on the basis of ground-state polarization and stability of the alcoholate anion(indicate and give symbols for bond polarization)! Compare the relative acidity of ethanol and 2-fluoroethanol!arrow_forwardGive reasons: (i) Bond length of C = O in carboxylic acids is slightly larger than C = O bond length in carbonyl compounds. (ii) There are two –NH2 groups in semicarbazide. However, only one –NH2 group is involved in the formation of semicarbazones. (iii) Benzoic acid is less soluble in water than acetic acid. (iv) Formic acid is a stronger acid than acetic acid.arrow_forward
- a.) Rank the attached compounds in order of increasing acidity. (b)Which compound forms the strongest conjugate base?arrow_forwardPRACTICE PROBLEM 2.2 The compounds in each part below have the same (or similar) molecular weights. Which compound in cach part would you expect to have the higher boiling point? Explain your answers. (a) OH or (c) OH or HO (b) (CHN or A factor (in addition to polarity and hydrogen bonding) that affects the melting point of many organic compounds is the compactness and rigidity of their individual molecules. • Molecules that are symmetrical generally have abnormally high melting points. sert- Buryl alcohol, for example, has a much higher melting point than the other isomeric alcohols shown here: OH OH tert-Butyl alcohol (mp 25 "C) Butyl alcohol (mp -00 "C) Isobutyl alcohol sec-Butyl alcohol (mp 108 C) (mp-114 C) о оarrow_forwardProvide the mechanism for this reaction. Please show arrow movements, all line pairs, and formal chargesarrow_forward
- Organic Chemistry: A Guided InquiryChemistryISBN:9780618974122Author:Andrei StraumanisPublisher:Cengage Learning