Concept explainers
Concept Introduction:
Accounting is an art of recording, classifying, analyzing and summarizing the financial statement to produce meaningful information and reports.
Accounting is done with two methods as follows:
Cash Basis accounting: Under the cash basis accounting all the cash receipts for the period are considered as revenue and all the cash payments for the period are considered as expenses and net income us calculated.
Accrual Basis accounting: Under the accrual basis, the revenue and expenses are recorded accreting to their accrual for the given period and cash receipts and payments are not considered to decide their accrual. The net income is calculated using the accrued revenue and accrued expenses belonging to the particular period.
Requirement-1:
To Calculate:
The amount of net income reported on cash basis for each of the three months.
Concept Introduction:
Accounting is an art of recording, classifying, analyzing and summarizing the financial statement to produce meaningful information and reports.
Accounting is done with two methods as follows:
Cash Basis accounting: Under the cash basis accounting all the cash receipts for the period are considered as revenue and all the cash payments for the period are considered as expenses and net income us calculated.
Accrual Basis accounting: Under the accrual basis, the revenue and expenses are recorded accreting to their accrual for the given period and cash receipts and payments are not considered to decide their accrual. The net income is calculated using the accrued revenue and accrued expenses belonging to the particular period.
Requirement-2:
To Calculate:
The amount of net income reported on accrual basis for each of the three months.
Concept Introduction:
Accounting is an art of recording, classifying, analyzing and summarizing the financial statement to produce meaningful information and reports.
Accounting is done with two methods as follows:
Cash Basis accounting: Under the cash basis accounting all the cash receipts for the period are considered as revenue and all the cash payments for the period are considered as expenses and net income us calculated.
Accrual Basis accounting: Under the accrual basis, the revenue and expenses are recorded accreting to their accrual for the given period and cash receipts and payments are not considered to decide their accrual. The net income is calculated using the accrued revenue and accrued expenses belonging to the particular period.
Requirement-3:
To Indicate:
The reason of preferring the accrual basis accounting.
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Cornerstones of Financial Accounting
- Problem 3-62A Cash-Basis and Accrual-Basis Income George Hathaway, an electrician, entered into an agreement with a real estate management company to perform all maintenance of basic electrical systems and air-conditioning equipment in the apartment buildings under the companys management. The agreement, which is subject to annual renewal, provides for the payment of a fixed fee of S6,600 on January 1 of each year plus amounts for parts and materials billed separately at the end of each month. Amounts billed at the end of I month are collected in the next month. During the first 3 months of 2019, George makes the following additional billings and cash collections: Required: 1. Calculate the amount of cash-basis income reported for each of the first 3 months. 2. Calculate the amount of accrual-basis income reported for each of the first 3 months. 3. CONCEPTUAL CONNECTION Why do decision-makers prefer accrual-basis accounting?arrow_forwardExercise 2-38 Events and Transactions The following economic events related to K the bill need not be paid until March 1, 2019. On February, 15, Kqualify and does not qualify. indicate whether each of the above events would qualify as a transaction and be recognized and recorded in the accounting system on the date indicated. 2. CONCEPTUAL CONNECTION For any events that did not qualify as a transaction to be recognized and recorded, explain why it does not qualify.arrow_forwardExercise 3-40 Revenue and Expense Recognition Electronic Repair Company repaired a high-definition television for Sarah Merrifield in December 2019. Sarah paid $80 at the time of the repair and agreed to pay Electronic Repair $80 each month for 5 months beginning on January 15, 2020. Electronic Repair used $120 of supplies, which were purchased in November 2020, to repair the television. Assume that Electronic Repair uses accrual-basis accounting. Required: In what month or months should revenue from this service be recorded by Electronic Repaid? In what month or months should the expense related to the repair of the television be recorded by Electronic Repair? CONCEPTUAL CONNECTION Describe the accounting principles used to answer the above questions.arrow_forward
- Exercise 3-43 Recognizing Expenses Treadway Dental Services gives each of its patients a toothbrush with the name and phone number of the dentist office and a logo imprinted on the brush. Treadway purchased 15,000 of the toothbrushes in October 2019 for $3,130. The toothbrushes were delivered in November and paid for in December 2019. Treadway began to give the patients the toothbrushes in February 2020. By the end of 2020, 4,500 of the toothbrushes remained in the supplies account. Required: How much expense should be recorded for the toothbrushes in 2019 and 2020 to properly match expenses with revenues? Describe how the 4,500 toothbrushes that remain in the supplies account will handled in 2021.arrow_forwardCase 2-68 Accounting for Partially Completed Events: 3 Prelude to Chapter 3 Ehrlich Smith. the owner of The Shoe Bone has asked you to help him understand the proper way to account for certain accounting items as he prepares his 2019 financial statements. Smith has provided the following information and observations: (Continued) a. A 3-year fire insurance policy was purchased on 2019, for $2,400. Smith believes that a part of the cost of the insurance policy should be allocated to each period that benefits from its coverage. b. The store building was purchased for 580,000 in January 2011. Smith expected then (as he does now) that the building will be serviceable as a shoe store for 20 years from the date of purchase. In 2011, Smith estimated that he could sell the property for $6,000 at the end of its serviceable life. He feels that each period should bear some portion of the cost of this long-lived asset that is slowly being consumed. c. The Shoe Box borrowed 520300 on a 1-year, 8% note that is due on September 1 next year) Smith notes that $21,600 cash will be required to repay the note at maturity. The $1,600 difference is, he feels, a cost of using the loaned funds and should be spread over the periods that benefit from the use of' the loan funds; Required: Explain what Smith is trying to accomplish with the three items. Are his objectives supported by the concepts that underlie accounting?arrow_forwardCase 3-72 Cash- or Accrual-Basis Accounting Karen Ragsdale owns a business that rents parking spots to students at the local university. Karens typical rental contract requires the student to pay the years rent of $450 ($50 per month) on September 1. When Karen prepares financial statements at the end of December, her accountant requires that Karen spread the $450 over the 9 months that each parking Spot is rented. Therefore, Karen can recognize only $200 of revenue (4 months) from each parking spot rental contract in the year the cash is collected and must defer (delay) recognition of the remaining $250 (5 months) to the next year. Karen argues that getting students to agree to rent the parking Spot is the most difficult part of the activity so she Ought to be able to recognize all $450 as revenue when the cash is received from a student. Required: Why do generally accepted accounting principles require the use of accrual accounting rather than cash-basis accounting for transactions like the one described here?arrow_forward
- Exercise 3-47 Revenue Adjustments Sentry Transport Inc. of Atlanta provides in-town parcel delivery services in addition to a full range of passenger services. Sentry engaged in the following activities during the current year: Sentry received $5,000 cash in advance from Richs Department Store for an estimated 250 deliveries during December 2019 and January and February of 2020. The entire amount was recorded as unearned revenue when received. During December 2019, 110 deliveries were made for Richs. Sentry operates several small buses that take commuters from suburban communities to the central downtown area of Atlanta. The commuters purchase, in advance, tickets for 50 one-way rides. Each So-ride ticket costs S500. At the time of purchase, Sentry credits the cash received to unearned revenue. At year end, Sentry determines that 10,160 one-way rides have been taken. Sentry operates buses that provide transportation for the clients of a social agency in Atlanta. Sentry bills the agency quarterly at the end of January, April, July, and October for the that quarter. The contract price is S7,500 per quarter. Sentry follows the practice of recognizing revenue from this contract in the in which the service is On December 23, Delta Airlines chartered a bus to transport its marketing group to a meeting at a resort in southern Georgia. The meeting will be held during the last week in January 2020, and Delta agrees to pay for the entire trip on the day the bus departs. At year end, none Of these arrangements have been recorded by Sentry. Required: Prepare adjusting entries at December 31 for these four activities. CONCEPTUAL CONNECTION What would be the effect on revenue if the adjusting entries were not made?arrow_forwardExercise 3-50 Prepayment of Expenses JDM Inc. made the following prepayments for expense items during 2019: Prepaid building rent for I year on April I by paying $6,600. Prepaid rent was debited for the amount paid. Prepaid 12 months' insurance on I by paying Prepaid insurance was debited. Purchased $5,250 of office supplies on 15, debiting supplies for the full amount. There were no office supplies on hand as of October 15. Office supplies costing $1,085 remain unused at December 3 1, 2019. Paid $600 for a 12-month service contract for repairs and maintenance on a computer. The contract begins November 1. The full amount of the payment was debited to prepaid repairs and maintenance.arrow_forwardExercise 3-51 Adjustment for Supplies The downtown location of Chicago Clothiers purchases large quantities Of supplies, including plastic garment bags and paper bags and boxes. At December 31, 2019, the following information is available concerning these supplies: Supplies inventory, 1/1/2019 $4,150 Supplies inventory, 12/31/2019 5,220 Supplies purchased for cash during 2019 12,690 All purchases of supplies during the year are debited to the supplies inventory. Required: What is the expense reported on the income statement associated with the use of supplies during 2019? What is the adjusting entry at December 31, 2019? By how much would assets and income be overstated or understated if the adjusting entry were not recorded?arrow_forward
- Problem 2-56A Analyzing Transactions Luis Madero, after working for several years with a large public accounting firm decided to open his own accounting service. The business is operated as a corporation under the name Madero Accounting Services. The following captions and amounts summarize Maderos balance sheet at July 31, 2019. The following events occurred during August 2019. Issued common stock to Ms. Garriz in exchange for $15,000 cash. Paid $850 for first months rent on office space. Purchased supplies of $2,250 on credit. Borrowed $8,000 from the bank. Paid $1,080 on account for supplies purchased earlier on credit. Paid secretarys salary for August of $2,150. Performed amounting services for clients who paid cash upon completion of the service in the total amount of $4,700. Used $3,180 of the supplies on hand. Perfumed accounting services for clients on credit in the total amount of $1,920. Purchased $500 in supplies for cash. Collected $1,290 cash from clients for whom services were performed on credit. Paid $1,000 dividend to stockholders. Required: Record the effects of the transactions listed above on the accounting equation. Use the format given in the problem, starting with the totals at July 31, 20l9. Prepare the trial balance at August 31, 2019.arrow_forwardExpense Adjustments Faraday Electronic Service repairs stereos and DVD players. During 2019, Faraday engaged in the following activities: On September 1, Faraday paid Wausau Insurance $4,860 for its liability insurance for the next 12 months. The full amount of the prepayment was debited to prepaid insurance. At December 31, Faraday estimates that $1,520 of utility costs are unrecorded and unpaid. Faraday rents its testing equipment from JVC. Equipment rent in the amount of $1,440 is unpaid and unrecorded at December 31. In late October, Faraday agreed to become the sponsor for the sports segment of the evening news program on a local television station. The station billed Faraday $4,350 for 3 months' sponsorship-November 2019, December 2019, and January 2020-in advance. When these payments were made, Faraday debited prepaid advertising. At December 31, 2 months' advertising has been and I month remains unused. Required: Prepare adjusting entries at December 31 for these four activities. CONCEPTUAL CONNECTION What would be the effect on expenses if the adjusting entries were not made?arrow_forwardExercise 3-38 Accrual- and Cash-Basis Expense Recognition The following information is taken from the accrual accounting records of Kroger Sales Company: During January, Kroger paid $9,150 for supplies to in sales to customers during the next 2 months (February and March). The supplies will be used evenly over the next 2 months. Kroger pays its employees at the end of each month for salaries earned during that month. Salaries paid at the end of February and March amounted to $4,925 and $5,100, respectively. Kroger placed an advertisement in the local newspaper during March at a cost of $850. The ad promoted the pre-spring sale during the last week in March. Kroger did not pay for the newspaper ad until mid-April. Required: Under cash-basis accounting, how much exvxn.se should Kroger report for February and March? Under accrual-basis accounting, how much expense should Kroger report for February and March? CONCEPTUAL CONNECTION Which basis of accounting provides the most useful information for decision-makers? Why?arrow_forward
- Cornerstones of Financial AccountingAccountingISBN:9781337690881Author:Jay Rich, Jeff JonesPublisher:Cengage Learning