To determine:
The reason for teratogen to be harmful to the fetus.
Introduction:
A genetic disorder is an alteration in the genetic composition of the individual for one or more genes that are manifested in the form of altered protein sequence for that particular trait. The genetic disorder is
To determine:
The events involved during the period of development that is influenced by teratogens.
Introduction:
A large number of babies born around the world have malformations that can lead to the absence of or distortion of anatomical structures, physiological or
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HUMAN ANATOMY - 180 DAY EBOOK
- Explain why teratogens are difficult to identify.arrow_forwardDescribe the functions performed by the placenta for the developing embryo, and in each case, explain the mechanism that allows it to perform such function.arrow_forwardBriefly describe the function of the following: - spermatogenic cellarrow_forward
- What happens if an oocyte combines with sperm? Describe the processes involved in implantation. Mention what is occurring, where it is occurring, and any significant hormones involved. How does the zygote make its way through the uterine tube? Women who smoke cigarettes have an increased risk of ectopic pregnancy because the chemicals they absorb paralyze cilia all through the body. Explain.arrow_forwardExplain the changes to the uterus in a pregnant woman.arrow_forwardExplain why oral contraceptives, which artificially raise levels of estrogens and progesterone, prevent pregnancy.arrow_forward
- Name and describe each of the three stages of prenatal development. Then go on to explain the possible impact of teratogens at each stage. Specifically, look at what structures are most likely to be impacted at each stage.arrow_forwardDescribe the development of an oocyte from primordial follicle to when it is released at ovulation. How do hormones contribute to this progression? Describe the development of a spermatogonia to a spermatozoa. How do hormones contribute to this progression? What is the function of Sertoli and Leydig cells?arrow_forwardName the process of surgical removal of gonads.arrow_forward
- Define a teratogen and provide several examples of teratogens.arrow_forwardDescribe the development of reproductive organs in a fetus of each gender. Which genes, gene products, and hormones are involved in the sex differences? Which sex- related hormones are circulating in high concentrations in a pregnant woman compared to a nonpregnant woman? Do these hormones cross the placenta (if you are uncertain, consider hormone chemical class relative to membrane permeability to make an educated guess)? Assuming these hormones do cross the placenta, how do they affect the hormonal environment inside the fetus, and how does this relate to fetal reproductive development?arrow_forwardReproductive physiology (human) a) At the time of ovulation, the released ovum (egg) has completed both meiosis I and meiosis II. b) Because the corpus luteum (CL) is rescued from atresia by hCG early in pregnancy, the CL continues to produce progesterone throughout the 9 months of a normal pregnancy. c) Late in the follicular phase, estrogen participates in a positive feedback loop that leads to a surge in luteinizing hormone and ovulation. d) Both (a) and (b) are correct and (c) is incorrect e) Statements (a), (b) and (c) are all correctarrow_forward