Some of the most powerful lasers are based on the energy levels of neodymium in solids, such as glass, as shown in Figure 30.65. (a) What average wavelength light can pump the neodymium into the levels above its metastable state? (b) Verify that the 1.17 eV transition produces 1.06 μm radiation . Figure 30.65 Neodymium atoms in glass have these energy levels, one of which is metastable. The group of levels above the metastable state is convenient for achieving a population inversion, since photons of many different energies can be absorbed by atoms in the ground state.
Some of the most powerful lasers are based on the energy levels of neodymium in solids, such as glass, as shown in Figure 30.65. (a) What average wavelength light can pump the neodymium into the levels above its metastable state? (b) Verify that the 1.17 eV transition produces 1.06 μm radiation . Figure 30.65 Neodymium atoms in glass have these energy levels, one of which is metastable. The group of levels above the metastable state is convenient for achieving a population inversion, since photons of many different energies can be absorbed by atoms in the ground state.
Some of the most powerful lasers are based on the energy levels of neodymium in solids, such as glass, as shown in Figure 30.65. (a) What average wavelength light can pump the neodymium into the levels above its metastable state? (b) Verify that the 1.17 eV transition produces 1.06
μm
radiation.
Figure 30.65 Neodymium atoms in glass have these energy levels, one of which is metastable. The group of levels above the metastable state is convenient for achieving a population inversion, since photons of many different energies can be absorbed by atoms in the ground state.
Some of the most powerful lasers are based on the energy levels of neodymium in solids, such as glass, as shown . (a) What average wavelength light can pump the neodymium into the levels above its metastable state? (b) Verify that the 1.17 eV transition produces1.06 μm radiation.
Ruby lasers have chromium atoms doped in an aluminum oxide crystal. The energy level diagram for chromium in a ruby is shown in the figure above.
(a)Calculate the energy of photons that can pump chromium atoms in a ruby laser from the ground state to its second excited state. eV
(b)Calculate the energy of photons that can pump chromium atoms in a ruby laser from the ground state to its third excited state. eV
(c)Calculate the wavelength emitted by the ruby laser (in nm).
nm
a. The electron of a hydrogen atom is excited into a higher energy level from a lower energy level. A short time later the electron relaxes down to the no = 1 energy level, releasing a
photon with a wavelength of 93.83 nm. Compute the quantum number of the energy level the electron relaxes from, nhi. Note: the Rydberg constant in units of wavenumbers is 109,625
cm-1
nhi =16
b. What would the wavenumber, wavelength and energy of the photon be if instead no = 1 and nhi = 4?
V: 6.9121e14 x (cm-¹)
λ:
(nm)
E: 45.8e-20
✓ (1)
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