Loose Leaf For Integrated Principles Of Zoology
18th Edition
ISBN: 9781260411140
Author: Cleveland P Hickman Jr. Emeritus, Susan L. Keen, David J Eisenhour Professor PhD, Allan Larson, Helen I'Anson Associate Professor of Biology
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Chapter 31, Problem 4RQ
Two distinctly different styles of circulatory systems have evolved among animals: open and closed. What is “open” about an open circulatory system? Closed systems sometimes are cited as adaptive for actively moving animals with (at least at times) high
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Two distinctly different styles of circulatory systems have evolved among animals: open and closed. What is “open” about an open cir-culatory system? Closed systems sometimes are cited as adaptive for actively moving animals with (at least at times) high metabolic de-mand. Can you suggest possible reasons for this assertion?
Please define the term closed circulatory system. Which animals have it, and what are its’ evolutionary advantages over open systems (why might a closed system be more efficient)?
Describe the evolution of circulatory systems in animals (include at least two invertebrate examples and three vertebrate examples). Explain how primitive animals accomplished the functions of circulatory systems, what changes prompted evolution of early circulatory systems, open vs. closed systems, and increasing compartmentalization of hearts
Chapter 31 Solutions
Loose Leaf For Integrated Principles Of Zoology
Ch. 31 - Name the chief intracellular electrolytes and the...Ch. 31 - What is the fate of spent erythrocytes in the...Ch. 31 - Prob. 3RQCh. 31 - Two distinctly different styles of circulatory...Ch. 31 - Place the following in correct order to describe...Ch. 31 - Trace the flow of blood through a mammalian heart,...Ch. 31 - Explain the origin and conduction of the...Ch. 31 - Define the terms systole and diastole. Distinguish...Ch. 31 - Prob. 9RQCh. 31 - Prob. 10RQ
Ch. 31 - Prob. 11RQCh. 31 - Describe an advantage of a fishs gills for...Ch. 31 - Describe the tracheal system of insects. What is...Ch. 31 - Trace the route of inspired air in humans from the...Ch. 31 - Prob. 15RQCh. 31 - How does a frog ventilate its lungs? Contrast an...Ch. 31 - What is the role of carbon dioxide in the control...Ch. 31 - Prob. 18RQCh. 31 - Prob. 19RQCh. 31 - The ability of hemoglobin to bind oxygen decreases...Ch. 31 - At high altitudes, the partial pressure of oxygen...
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- Double-loop circulatory systems are found in adult amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals, In which characteristic do these systems differ from one another,arrow_forwardBriefly describe the differences among animal circulatory systems. What is an open system versus a closed? What are the anatomical differences among vertebrate hearts?arrow_forwardMany objects designed by engineers have “circulatory systems” of one type or another. Describe at least three or four examples. Why do engineers sometimes include systems of flowing fluids in objects they design? We often hear it said that animal systems can teach us how to design engineered systems. If you were a biologist teaching a group of engineers about the lessons of animal circulatory systems, what principles would you emphasize?arrow_forward
- Which of the following statements about vertebrate circulatory systems is not true? A. In mammals, the blood pressure in the aorta is higher than the pressure in the pulmonary artery. B. In fishes, oxygenated blood from the gills returns directly to the heart through the left atrium. C. In birds, deoxygenated blood leaves the heart through the pulmonary artery. D. In reptiles, the blood in the pulmonary artery has a lower oxygen content than the blood in the aorta. E. In amphibians, deoxygenated blood enters the heart through the right atrium.arrow_forwardWhy is a closed circulatory system more efficient than an open circulatory system?arrow_forwardWhen comparing the circulatory systems of vertebrates, indicate whether the following statements are true or false. There is no mixing of oxygenated (high [O2]) and deoxygenated (low [O2]) blood in the ventricle of a fish. #apply Question 9 options: True False The circulatory system of amphibians is more efficient than that of fish because there are two circulatory loops. #analyze Question 10 options: True False The only vertebrates without a hepatic portal venous system connecting the gut to the liver are the fish. #analyze Question 11 options: True False There is no mixing of oxygenated (high [O2]) and deoxygenated (low [O2]) blood in the ventricle of a frog. #apply Question 12 options: True Falsearrow_forward
- Which of the following is the best description of the arthropod circulatory system? Question 6 options: hemocoel regulated by a three-chambered heart hemocoel regulated by a tubular or single-chambered heart pseudocoel with no vasculature and no regulation hemocoel with no vasculature and no regulation pseudocoel regulated by a two-chambered heart with vasculaturearrow_forwardThe mammalian circulatory system includes a four- chambered heart and a double-loop circulation. How do the four chambers of the heart relate to the two circulatory loops?arrow_forwardWhich of the following is false about open circulatory systems? Question 5 options: a) Movement of blood in an open circulatory system is relatively fast. b) Blood is in direct contact with all organs. c) Snails have an open circulatory system. d) There may be some blood vessels in organisms with open circulatory systems, but these tubes will not be closed on either end.arrow_forward
- Trace the evolution of the circulatory system through animals. From sponges up through arthropods ?arrow_forwardWhich of the following statements best summarizes the function of the pulmonary circuit in a human circulatory system? Question 26 options: Filters waste products from the blood. Transports carbon dioxide to the lungs and picks up oxygen from the lungs. Transports oxygen through the heart, lungs and body tissues. Transports oxygen and nutrients to body tissues.arrow_forwardWhich sequence of blood flow can be observed in either a reptile or a mammal? right atrium → pulmonary artery → left atrium → ventricle left ventricle → aorta → lungs → systemic circulation right ventricle → pulmonary vein → pulmocutaneous circulation pulmonary vein → left atrium → ventricle → pulmonary circuit vena cava → right atrium → ventricle → pulmonary circuitarrow_forward
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The Cardiovascular System: An Overview; Author: Strong Medicine;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Wu18mpI_62s;License: Standard youtube license