Chapter 32, Problem 32.1CR

Summary Introduction

To determine: The ways in which animal differ from the plants and fungi.

Introduction: Plants form the kingdom Plantae that includes all the trees, shrubs, bryophytes, and pteridophytes. Animals are multicellular eukaryotes and have heterotrophic (ingest food and digest them by certain digestive enzymes) mode of nutrition. Fungi are eukaryotes that are heterotrophic and obtain their nutrition by breakdown of organic matter from the dead. Fungi are categorized under Kingdom Fungi. They are eukaryotes that may be unicellular like yeasts or multicellular like molds.

Explanation of Solution

Animals differ from plants and fungi in following ways:

Criteria	Animal	Plant	Fungi
Cellular structure	Animal cells do have cell wall, but other parts are present such as cilia, and tight junction.	Plant cells have cell wall chloroplast, plastids, plasmodesmata, and other organelles.	Fungi cells have membrane-bound nucleus, mitochondria, and a complex internal membrane.
Mode of nutrition	Heterotrophs	Autotrophs	Heterotrophs
Photosynthesis process	Absent	Present	Absent
Movement	Ability to move from one place to another freely.	Unable to move from one place to another.	Unable to move from one place to another.
Growth	Organs and organ system support the animal growth.	Plant growth occurs throughout the life. The meristematic system of the root tip and stem supports the plant growth.	In fungi, the fungal spores germinate and form hypae.
Response	Animal have proper nervous and sensory system.	Plants show response to the external stimuli like light and touch, but they do not have sensory system.	Fungi show response to the external stimuli like light and touch, but they do not have sensory system.