Economics (Irwin Economics)
21st Edition
ISBN: 9781259723223
Author: Campbell R. McConnell, Stanley L. Brue, Sean Masaki Flynn Dr.
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Chapter 33, Problem 2P
To determine
Demand - pull inflation or cost - pull inflation.
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Suppose that aggregate demand increases such that the amount of real output demanded rises by $19 billion at each price level.Instructions: Enter your answers as whole numbers.
a. By what percentage will the price level increase?
Will this inflation be demand-pull inflation or will it be cost-push inflation?
b. If potential real GDP (that is, full-employment GDP) is $510 billion, what will be the size of the positive GDP gap after the change in aggregate demand?
c. If government wants to use fiscal policy to counter the resulting inflation without changing tax rates, would it increase government spending or decrease it?
As you have learned in Unit 8 (this week), monetary and fiscal policy play important roles in economic stimulation and or stabilization. In this regard:
Start with a brief introduction that explains use of Government policy to control the economy.
When is it appropriate to use monetary and fiscal policy to stimulate or stabilize the economy? Look at both.
When is it inappropriate to use monetary and fiscal policy to stimulate or stabilize the economy? Look at both.
What specific fiscal policy tools would you use to stimulate aggregate demand and how?
What specific monetary policy tools would you use to stimulate aggregate demand and how?
What is your conclusion, should policymakers use the monetary and or fiscal policy, or a combination of both, to stimulate aggregate demand? Explain your reasoning.
As you have learned in Unit 8 (this week), monetary and fiscal policy play important roles in economic stimulation and or stabilization. In this regard:What specific fiscal policy tools would you use to stimulate aggregate demand and how?What specific monetary policy tools would you use to stimulate aggregate demand and how?What is your conclusion, should policymakers use the monetary and or fiscal policy, or a combination of both, to stimulate aggregate demand? Explain your reasoning.
Chapter 33 Solutions
Economics (Irwin Economics)
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- If the long run macro aggregate supply curve is fixed and vertical, then after all is said and done (meaning all adjustments in the aggregate economy have occurred), discretionary fiscal and monetary policies are predicted to change ________________________. a) only the level of real aggregate output/income b) only the price level c) the price level under fiscal but not under monetary policy d) neither the price level nor the level real of aggregate output/income e) both the price level and the level of real aggregate output/incomearrow_forwardP (a) AS(P 100) Q P $560 500 440 (b) AS(P125) Q P $500 440 380 (C) AS(P75) 125 125 125 $620 100 100 100 560 75 75 75 500 Suppose the full employment level of real output (Q) for a hypothetical economy is $500, the price level (P) initially is 100, and prices and wages are flexible both upward and downward. Refer to the accompanying short-run aggregate supply schedules. In the long run, an increase in the price level from 100 to 125 will O increase real output from $500 to $560. Q O change the aggregate supply schedule from (a) to (c) and result in an equilibrium level of real output of $560. O decrease real output from $500 to $440. O change the aggregate supply schedule from (a) to (b) and result in an equilibrium level of real output of $500 downkard. Refer to the accompanying short run aggegate supply schedules. in the long run. an increace in the price level from Show Transcribed Textarrow_forwardAs you have learned in Unit 8 (this week), monetary and fiscal policy play important roles in economic stimulation and or stabilization. In this regard: a. When is it appropriate to use monetary and fiscal policy to stimulate or stabilize the economy? b. When is it inappropriate to use monetary and fiscal policy to stimulate or stabilize the economy? c. What specific fiscal policy tools would you use to stimulate aggregate demand and how? d. What specific monetary policy tools would you use to stimulate aggregate demand and how? e. What is your conclusion, should policymakers use the monetary and or fiscal policy to stimulate aggregate demand? Explain briefly.arrow_forward
- Suppose that the Federal Reserve wants to reduce the money supply. Using our model of the money market, investment, and aggregate demand and aggregate supply, explain the how a reduction of the money supply will influence the price level and real GDP, assuming that the economy is operating in the moderate unemployment range of aggregate supply.arrow_forwardRead the following excerpts. Identify whether the policy action is fiscal or monetary and expansionary or contractionary. Draw and label the change that would occur on the ADAS graph as a result of the policy action described in each. Identify what will happen as a result of the policy to the price level, employment, and real GDP. Excerpt from Public Law 103-66 of the 103rd Congress: Signed into law by President Clinton August 10, 1993 “To provide for reconciliation pursuant to section 7 of the concurrent resolution on the budget for fiscal year 1994. Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled. Title XIII: Revenue, Health Care, Human Resources, Income Security, Customs and Trade, Food Stamp Program, and Timber Sale Provisions …Subchapter B: Revenue Increases - Increases the marginal tax rate for certain higher incomes. Imposes a surtax on certain higher incomes. Sec. 13203 Increases the tentative minimum tax for…arrow_forwardAssume that (a) the price level is flexible upward but not downward and (b) the economy is currently operating at its full-employment output. Other things equal, how will each of the following affect the equilibrium price level and equilibrium level of real output in the short run?a. An increase in aggregate demand.b. A decrease in aggregate supply, with no change in aggregate demand.c. Equal increases in aggregate demand and aggregate supply.d. A decrease in aggregate demand.e. An increase in aggregate demand that exceeds an increase in aggregate supply.arrow_forward
- Consider an economy with a constant nominal money supply, a constant level of real output Y=100, and a constant real interest rate r =0.10. Suppose that the income elasticity of money demand is 0.5 and the interest elasticity of money demand is -0.1. A. By what percentage does the equilibrium price level differ from its initial value if output increases to Y=106 (and r remains a 0.10)? B. By what percentage does the equilibrium price level differ from its initial value if the real interest rate increases to r=0.11 (and Y remains at 100)? C. Suppose that the real interest rate increases to r=0.11. What would real output have to be for the equilibrium price level to remain at its initial value? Note:- Do not provide handwritten solution. Maintain accuracy and quality in your answer. Take care of plagiarism. Answer completely. You will get up vote for sure.arrow_forwardDetermine whether the following items are examples of expansionary fiscal policy, contractionary fiscal policy, expansionary monetary policy or contractionary monetary policy as they affect the aggregate demand of an economy. 1. A Significant treasury bond buyback *a. Expansionary fiscal policyb. Contractionary fiscal policyc. Expansionary monetary policyd. Contractionary monetary policy 2. Issuance of new treasury bonds at a higher interest rate *a. Expansionary fiscal policyb. Contractionary fiscal policyc. Expansionary monetary policyd. Contractionary monetary policyarrow_forwardSuppose that, in an attempt to combat severe unemployment, the government decides to increase the amount of money in circulation in the economy. This monetary policy action demand for goods and services in the economy, leading to prices for products. In the short run, the change in prices induces firms to produce goods and services. This, in turn, leads to a unemployment level. Based on this analysis, the economy faces the following trade-off between inflation and unemployment: Higher inflation leads to unemployment. Note:- Do not provide handwritten solution. Maintain accuracy and quality in your answer. Take care of plagiarism. Answer completely. You will get up vote for sure.arrow_forward
- Assume that as a result of the coronavirus and U.S. (Federal) Government policies to ameliorate or lessen the virus’ public health impact, the U.S. unemployment increases from 3.6% to 13.7% by May, 2020. As part of monetary and fiscal policies, however, beginning in the summer of 2020 the Fed purchases over $3.5 Trillion in U.S. government bonds and Federal Government transfers $5,000 to every U.S. adult over 18 years old (not in college…. sorry) financed by government debt. Then, as a part of its overall public health policies, the U.S. government begins to relax or loosen its previous travel and “shutter in” policies in the Spring 2021 so that people can now go to restaurants, movies or sporting events and the like more freely. Absent increases in the United States long run aggregate supply, the combined economic effects of such policies would most likely be:arrow_forwardAssume that as a result of the coronavirus and U.S. (Federal) Government policies to ameliorate or lessen the virus’ public health impact, the U.S. unemployment increases from 3.6% to 13.7% by May, 2020. As part of monetary and fiscal policies, however, beginning in the summer of 2020 the Fed purchases over $3.5 Trillion in U.S. government bonds and Federal Government transfers $5,000 to every U.S. adult over 18 years old (not in college…. sorry) financed by government debt. Then, as a part of its overall public health policies, the U.S. government begins to relax or loosen its previous travel and “shutter in” policies in the Spring 2021 so that people can now go to restaurants, movies or sporting events and the like more freely. Absent increases in the United States long run aggregate supply, the combined economic effects of such policies would most likely be: A. Lower GDP growth. B. Higher rates of inflation. C. Higher unemployment rates…arrow_forwardThe AD/AS model is static. It shows a snapshot of the economy at a given point in time. Both economic growth and inflation are dynamic phenomena. Suppose economic growth is 3 per year and aggregate demand is growing at the same rate. What does the AD/AS model say the inflation rate should be?arrow_forward
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