Physics For Scientists And Engineers
6th Edition
ISBN: 9781429201247
Author: Paul A. Tipler, Gene Mosca
Publisher: W. H. Freeman
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Chapter 33, Problem 86P
To determine
The optimum size of the pinhole.
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The normal human eye has maximum visual acuity with a pupil size of about 3 mm. For larger pupils, acuity decreases due to increasing aberrations; for smaller pupils, acuity decreases due to increasing effects of diffraction. Ifyour pupil diameter is 2.0 mm, as it would be in fairly bright light, what is the smallest diameter circle that you can barely see as a circle, rather than just a dot, if the circle is at your near point, 25 cm from your eye? Assume the light’s wavelength in air is 600 nm and the index of refraction inside theeye is 1.33.
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Chapter 33 Solutions
Physics For Scientists And Engineers
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- A camera uses a lens with aperture 2.0 cm. What is the angular resolution of a photograph taken at 700 nm wavelength? Can it resolve the millimeter markings of a ruler placed 35 m away?arrow_forwardIf a microscope can accept light from objects at angles as large as =70 , what is the smallest structure that can be resolved when illuminated with light of wavelength 500 nm and (a) the specimen is in air? (b) When the specimen is immersed in oil, with index of refraction of 1.52?arrow_forwardSuppose a certain person’s visual acuity is such that he can see objects clearly that form an image 4.00mhigh on his retina. What is the maximum distance at which he can read the 75.0-cm-high letters on the side of an airplane?arrow_forward
- A telescope can be used to enlarge the diameter of a laser beam and limit diffraction spreading. The laser beam is sent through the telescope in opposite the normal direction and can then be projected onto a satellite or the moon. (a) If this is done with the Mount Wilson telescope, producing a 2.54-m-diameter beam of 633-nm light, what is the minimum angular spread of the beam? (b) Neglecting atmospheric effects, what is the size of the spot this beam would make on the moon, assuming a lunar distance of 3.84108 m?arrow_forwardA spy satellite orbits Earth at a height of 180 km. What is the minimum diameter of the objective lens in a telescope that must be used to resolve columns of troops marching 2.0 m apart? Assume =550 nm.arrow_forwardEx. 26 : In a biprism experiment the optical path in focal plane of the eyepiece where the fringes are formed from the optical images of the slit differ by 185.5 wavelengths. Will the point be bright or dark ?.If the path difference is 12 x 105 m calculate the wavelength of light used.arrow_forward
- To increase the resolving power of a microscope, the object and the objective are immersed in oil (n = 1.5). If the limiting angle of resolution without the oil is 0.60 μrad, what is the limiting angle of resolution with the oil?arrow_forwardUnder dark conditions, the maximum diameter of a human pupil is 7.0 mm, where an owl's pupil may be 8.5 mm. Assume a human can optically resolve two closely spaced objects at a distance r. (a) By what factor could the distance between the two objects be reduced and still have the owl optically resolve them at the same distance r? (b) If the distance between the two objects remains fixed, by what factor could r be increased and still have the owl optically resolve the two objects? In both (a) and (b), assume the wavelength of the light remains constant.arrow_forwardUnder dark conditions, the maximum diameter of a human pupil is 7.0 mm, where an owl's pupil may be 8.5 mm. Assume a human can optically resolve two closely spaced objects at a distance r. (a) By what factor could the distance between the two objects be reduced and still have the owl optically resolve them at the same distance r? (b) If the distance between the two objects remains fixed, by what factor could r be increased and still have the owl optically resolve the two objects? In both (a) and (b), assume the wavelength of the light remains constant. (a) Number i Units (b) Number i Unitsarrow_forward
- Numerical Aperture of a Cladless Fiber. Determine the numerical aperture and the accep- 1.46 and the cladding tance angle of an optical fiber if the refractive index of the core is n₁ is stripped out (replaced with air no ≈ 1). £ m. القلب 1arrow_forwardWhat is the smallest thing we can see? O smallest object that we can process with our eyes is limited to the size of the photoreceptor cells in the retina. In order for us to to distinguish any detail in an object, its image cannot be smaller cannot be smaller than a single retinal cell. Although the size depends on the type of cell (cone or rod), a diameter of of a few microns (mm) is common near the center of the eye. We should model the eye as a sphere 2.50 cm in diameter with a single slender lens in front and the retina behind, with photoreceptor cells 5.0 mm in diameter. (a) What is the smallest object object that you can perceive at a point near 25 cm? What angle is subtended by this object in the eye? Express your answer in units of minutes (1° 60 min) and compare it with the typical experimental value of about 1.0 min. (Note: there are other limitations, but we will ignore them here).arrow_forwardA pinhole camera uses a tiny pinhole instead of alens. Show, using ray diagrams, how reasonably sharpimages can be formed using such a pinhole camera. Inparticular, consider two point objects 2.0 cm apart that are1.0 m from a 1.0-mm-diameter pinhole. Show that on apiece of film 7.0 cm behind the pinhole the two objectsproduce two separate circles that do not overlap.arrow_forward
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