BIOLOGY:CONCEPTS &...(LL) W/ACCESS +LM
4th Edition
ISBN: 9781260684506
Author: Hoefnagels
Publisher: MCG
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Chapter 33, Problem 9WIO
Summary Introduction
To determine:
The reason, why the fluids deep in medulla of the kidney have a much higher solute concentration than those in the cortex and from where do the solutes in the medulla come. Also, determine the role of high solute concentration, in the functioning of the nephron loop.
Concept introduction:
The processes of urine formation, take place in the nephrons of kidneys, and involve the filtration, reabsorption, and secretion. The process of filtration begins at the glomerulus, which contains the initial filtrate. The concentration of this filtrate changes throughout the processes of filtration, reabsorption, and secretion, and finally results in the formation of urine.
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The fluids deep in the medulla of the kidney have a much highersolute concentration than those in the cortex. Where do the solutes inthe medulla come from? What is the role of that high soluteconcentration in the functioning of the nephron loop?
1) How does your excretory system help you maintain homeostasis when you are dehydrated?
2) Structures within a nephron are labelled in the figure above. In which of these parts of the nephron is water reabsorbed back into the body? (See attached image)
The cortical nephron is characterized by all of the following except:
a.
short nephron loop
b.
glomerulus is further from the cortex-medulla junction
c.
glomerulus is close to the cortex-medulla junction
d.
efferent arteriole supplies peritubular capillaries
Chapter 33 Solutions
BIOLOGY:CONCEPTS &...(LL) W/ACCESS +LM
Ch. 33.1 - Prob. 1MCCh. 33.1 - Prob. 2MCCh. 33.1 - Prob. 3MCCh. 33.2 - What is osmoregulation, and why is it important?Ch. 33.2 - Prob. 2MCCh. 33.2 - Prob. 3MCCh. 33.3 - Prob. 1MCCh. 33.3 - Prob. 2MCCh. 33.4 - Prob. 1MCCh. 33.4 - Prob. 2MC
Ch. 33.5 - What three processes occur in urine formation?Ch. 33.5 - Prob. 2MCCh. 33.5 - Describe the roles of antidiuretic hormone and...Ch. 33.6 - Prob. 1MCCh. 33.6 - Prob. 2MCCh. 33 - Prob. 1MCQCh. 33 - Prob. 2MCQCh. 33 - Prob. 3MCQCh. 33 - Prob. 4MCQCh. 33 - Prob. 5MCQCh. 33 - Prob. 6MCQCh. 33 - Prob. 7MCQCh. 33 - Which of the following components of glomerular...Ch. 33 - Prob. 9MCQCh. 33 - Prob. 1WIOCh. 33 - Prob. 2WIOCh. 33 - Prob. 3WIOCh. 33 - What are the three types of nitrogenous wastes?...Ch. 33 - Prob. 5WIOCh. 33 - Shortly after you drink a large glass of water,...Ch. 33 - How does the kidney reduce the volume of urine to...Ch. 33 - Prob. 8WIOCh. 33 - Prob. 9WIOCh. 33 - Prob. 10WIOCh. 33 - Prob. 1PITCh. 33 - Prob. 2PITCh. 33 - Prob. 3PIT
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- As the text noted, two-thirds of the water and solutes that the body reclaims by reabsorption in nephrons occurs in the proximal tubule. Proximal tubule cells have large numbers of mitochondria and demand a great deal of oxygen. Explain why.arrow_forwardAs a person ages, nephron tubules lose some of their ability to concentrate urine. What is the effect of this change?arrow_forwardWhich of the following does not contribute to the high salt concentration in the interstitial fluid of the kidney medulla? (a) active transport of sodium from the upper part of the ascending limb (b) diffusion of salt from the ascending limb of the loop of Henle (c) reabsorption of salt from various regions of Bowmans capsule (d) counterflow of fluid through the two limbs of the loop of Henle (e) diffusion of urea out of the collecting ductarrow_forward
- Why is excretion important in order to achieve osmotic balance?arrow_forwardWhich of the following does not contribute to the process of filtration? (a) active transport by epithelial cells lining renal tubules (b) large surface area for filtration (c) low permeability of glomerular capillaries (d) high hydrostatic blood pressure in glomerular capillaries (e) podocytesarrow_forwardFigure 41.6 Which of the following statements about the nephron is false? The collecting duct empties into the distal convoluted tubule. The Bowman’s capsule surrounds the glomerulus. The loop of Henle is between the proximal and distal convoluted tubules. The loop of Henle empties into the distal convoluted tubule.arrow_forward
- Reabsorption depends on _________. a. osmosis across the nephron wall b. active transport of sodium across the nephron wall c. a steep solute concentration gradient d. all of the abovearrow_forwardFatty tissue holds the kidneys in place. Extremely rapid weight loss may cause this tissue to shrink so that the kidneys slip from their normal position. On rare occasions, the slippage can put a kink in one or both ureters and block urine flow. Suggest what might then happen to the kidneys.arrow_forwardFigure 41.8 Loop diuretics are drugs sometimes used to treat hypertension. These drugs inhibit the reabsorption of Na+ and Cl- ions by the ascending limb of the loop of Henle. A side effect is that they increase urination. Why do you think this is the case?arrow_forward
- The compact ball of capillaries in a nephron is called:- a. the nephron loop. b. the peritubular plexus. c. the renal corpuscle. d. the glomerulus. e. the vasa recta.arrow_forward. If a person takes a loop diuretic, for example furosemide, for a prolonged period of time, what effectwill it have on the osmotic gradient in the renal medulla? Will this effect tend to increase or decreaseurine output?arrow_forward
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