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A possible means of space flight is to place a perfectly reflecting aluminized sheet into orbit around the Earth and then use the light from the Sun to push this “solar sail”. Suppose a sail of area A = 6.00 × 105 m2 and mass m =6.00 × 103 kg is placed in orbit facing the Sun. Ignore all gravitational effects and assume a solar intensity of 1 370 W/m2. (a) What force is exerted on the sail? (b) What is the sail’s acceleration? (c) Assuming the acceleration calculated in part (b) remains constant, find the time interval required for the sail to reach the moon, 3.84 × 108 m away, starting from rest at the Earth.
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Chapter 34 Solutions
Bundle: Physics for Scientists and Engineers, Technology Update, 9th Loose-leaf Version + WebAssign Printed Access Card, Multi-Term
- The tungsten elements of incandescent light bulbs operate at 3200 K. At what frequency does the filament radiate maximum energy?arrow_forwardA possible means of space flight is to place a perfectly reflecting aluminized sheet into orbit around the Earth and then use the light from the Sun to push this "solar sail. Suppose a sail of area A 6.30 x 10 m² and mass m - 7,000 kg is placed in orbit facing the Sun. Ignore all gravitational effects and assume a solar intensity of 1,370 W/m² (a) What force (in N) is exerted on the sail? (Enter the magnitude) (b) What is the sail's acceleration? (Enter the magnitude in um/s².) m/s² (c) Assuming the acceleration calculated in part (b) remains constant, find the time interval (in days) required for the sail to reach the Moon, 3.84 x 10 m away, starting from rest at the Earth days (d) What If? If the solar sail were initially in Earth orbit at an altitude of 400 km, show that a sall of this mass density could not escape Earth's gravitational pull regardless of size. (Calculate the magnitude of the gravitational field in m/s².) m/s² (e) What would the mass density (in kg/m²) of the solar…arrow_forwardA star emits most of the energy it produces in the form of light waves. A spherical spacecraft of radius r = 50 m arrives to investigate the star. It is at a distance of 50 · 10^6 km from the stars center. The spaceship absorbs all the light that hits its surface. The power absorbed by the spacecraft from the star is 10^7 W (assume that the spaceship absorbs all the radiation that hits it). (a) Estimate the force that the EM radiation exerts on the spaceship. (b) What is the intensity (energy per area) of the star’s radiation at the location of the spacecraft? (c) What is the power output of the star? (d) Say that there is second spherical spacecraft a distance d = 10^8 km away, with a radius r = 10 m. If this spacecraft completely absorbs the radiation of the star, what is the power absorbed by the spaceship? [hint: The important area of the spaceship is its circular cross section]arrow_forward
- A possible means of space flight is to place a perfectly reflecting aluminized sheet into orbit around the Earth and then use the light from the Sun to push this "solar sail." Suppose a sail of area A = 6.40 ✕ 105 m2 and mass m = 4,900 kg is placed in orbit facing the Sun. Ignore all gravitational effects and assume a solar intensity of 1,370 W/m2. A) If the solar sail were initially in Earth orbit at an altitude of 360 km, show that a sail of this mass density could not escape Earth's gravitational pull regardless of size. (Calculate the magnitude of the gravitational field in m/s2.) B) What would the mass density (in kg/m2) of the solar sail have to be for the solar sail to attain the same initial acceleration of 1193 µm/s2.arrow_forwardSunlight reaches the ground with an intensity of about 1.0 kW/m2 . A sunbather has a body surface area of 0.8 m2 facing the sun while reclining on a beach chair on a clear day. (a) how much energy from direct sunlight reaches the sunbather’s skin per second? (b) What pressure does the sunlight exert if it is absorbed?arrow_forwardThe average intensity of sunlight on Earth’s surface is about 700 W/m2. (a) Calculate the amount of energy that falls on a solar collector having an area of 0.500 m2 in 4.00 h. (b) What intensity would such sunlight have if concentrated by a magnifying glass onto an area 200 times smaller than its own?arrow_forward
- Let's try a few more examples that relate power and energy. A certain high-efficiency LED light bulb has a power output of 9.20 W. That is, 9.20 J of electric energy is converted to electromagnetic (light) energy and radiated away every second. How much energy is output by the lightbulb if it is left on for a total time of 7.50 hours? In this case, we're relating power to energy change, so we simply use the relationship E t P = Here, instead of work W, we use in the equation E, which is the amount of energy output or converted in the amount of time t. From this, what do we find the total energy output in joules to be? 33120 X x Solve the above equation for the energy E in terms of power P and time t. Remember that 1 W = 1 J/s, so to find the energy in joules, convert the time to seconds first. There are 60 minutes in one hour and 60 seconds in one minute. Jarrow_forwardA possible means of space flight is to place a perfectly reflecting aluminized sheet into orbit around the Earth and then use the light from the Sun to push this "solar sail." Suppose a sail of area A = 5.30 x 105 m² and mass m = 5.00 x 10³ kg is placed in orbit facing the Sun. Ignore all gravitational effects and assume a solar intensity of 1 370 W/m². (a) What force is exerted on the sail? 1.748E4 XN If you know the intensity in a beam of light, how do you determine the radiation pressure? (b) What is the sail's acceleration? 3.496 μm/s² (c) Assuming the acceleration calculated in part (b) remains constant, find the time interval required for the sail to reach the Moon, 3.84 x 108 m away, starting from rest at the Earth. daysarrow_forwardThe intensity of sunlight is around 1330 W/m2 at the top of earth’s atmosphere. If the sunlight is all absorbed, what is the force on the earth from sunlight?arrow_forward
- A 1.00-m2 solar panel on a satellite that keeps the panel oriented perpendicular to radiation arriving from the Sun absorbs 1.40 kJ of energy every second. The satellite is located at 1.00 AU from the Sun. (The Earth-Sun distance is approximately 1.00 AU.) How long would it take an identical panel that is also oriented perpendicular to the incoming radiation to absorb the same amount of energy, if it were on an interplanetary exploration vehicle 2.05 AU from the Sun? answer in secondsarrow_forwardA 1.00-m² solar panel on a satellite that keeps the panel oriented perpendicular to radiation arriving from the Sun absorbs 1.40 kJ of energy every second. The satellite is located at 1.00 AU from the Sun. (The Earth-Sun distance is approximately 1.00 AU.) How long would it take an identical panel that is also oriented perpendicular to the incoming radiation to absorb the same amount of energy, if it were on an interplanetary exploration vehicle 2.85 AU from the Sun? Sarrow_forwardSuppose a cyclotron is operated at an oscillator frequency of 12 MHz (Mega-Hertz) and has a radius of R=53 cm. A deuteron is the nucleus of deuterium, an isotope of hydrogen, consisting of a proton and a neutron, and therefore having the same charge as a proton is to be accelerated in the cyclotron. Its mass, m=3.24 x10-27 kg. What is the resulting kinetic energy of the deuteron?arrow_forward
- Physics for Scientists and Engineers, Technology ...PhysicsISBN:9781305116399Author:Raymond A. Serway, John W. JewettPublisher:Cengage LearningPrinciples of Physics: A Calculus-Based TextPhysicsISBN:9781133104261Author:Raymond A. Serway, John W. JewettPublisher:Cengage LearningPhysics for Scientists and Engineers: Foundations...PhysicsISBN:9781133939146Author:Katz, Debora M.Publisher:Cengage Learning
- University Physics Volume 3PhysicsISBN:9781938168185Author:William Moebs, Jeff SannyPublisher:OpenStaxClassical Dynamics of Particles and SystemsPhysicsISBN:9780534408961Author:Stephen T. Thornton, Jerry B. MarionPublisher:Cengage Learning
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