Concept explainers
The three type of forces acting on the sail.
Answer to Problem 74PQ
The gravitational force acting on the sail is
Explanation of Solution
Write the expression for the force of gravitation acting on the sail.
Here,
Write the expression for the drag force on the sail.
Here,
Write the expression for the orbital velocity of the sail.
Here,
Write the value for distance between Earth and sail.
Write the expression for the force exerted by the solar radiations on the sail.
Here,
Conclusion:
Substitute
Substitute
Substitute
Substitute
Therefore, the gravitational force acting on the sail is
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Chapter 34 Solutions
EBK PHYSICS FOR SCIENTISTS AND ENGINEER
- The human body has a surface area of approximately 1.8 m2, a surface temperature of approximately 30°C, and a typical emissivity at infrared wavelengths of e = 0.97. If we make the approximation that all photons are emitted at the wavelength of peak intensity, how many photons per second does the body emit?arrow_forwardAssume the radiation from a heat lamp is monochromatic, with a wavelength of 1.5 μm . I =3.313 kW/m^2. a. What is the peak electric field strength, in kilovolts per meter? b. Find the peak magnetic field strength, in microtesla. c. How long, in seconds, will it take to increase the temperature of the 3.95-kg shoulder by 2.00°C, assuming that the shoulder absorbs all the radiation from the lamp and given that its specific heat is 3.47 × 103 J/(kg⋅°C)?arrow_forwardThe Earth has a radius of 6.38×10^6m and is 1.50×10^11m from the sun. The intensity of sunlight at Earth’s orbit is 1390W/m2. a) What is the intensity of sunlight at Neptune’s orbit, a distance of 4.5×10^12m from the sun? b) What is the total power radiated by the Sunarrow_forward
- (a) What is the intensity of a laser beam used to burn away cancerous tissue that, when 90.0% absorbed, puts 500 J of energy into a circular spot 2.00 mm in diameter in 4.00 s? (b) Discuss how this intensity compares to the average intensity of sunlight (about) and the implications that would have if the laser beam entered your eye. Note how your answer depends on the time duration of the exposure.arrow_forwardCASE STUDY In Example 34.6 (page 1111), we imagined equipping 1950DA, an asteroid on a collision course with the Earth, with a solar sail in hopes of ejecting it from the solar system. We found that the enormous size required for the solar sail makes the plan impossible at this time. Of course, there is no need to eject such an object from the solar system: we only need to change the orbit. A much more pressing problem is Apophis, a 300-m asteroid that may be on a collision course with the Earth and is due to come by on April 13, 2029. It is unlikely to hit the Earth on that pass, but it will return again in 2036. If Apophis passes through a 600-m keyhole on its 2029 pass, it is expected to hit the Earth in 2036. causing great damage. There are plans to deflect Apophis when it comes by in 2029. For example, we could hit it with a 10- to 150-kg impactor accelerated by a solar sail. The impactor is launched from the Earth to start orbiting the Sun in the same direction as the Earth and Apophis. The idea is to use a solar sail to accelerate the impactor so that it reverses direction and collides head-on with Apophis at 8090 km/s and thereby keeps Apophis out of the keyhole. Consider the momentum in the impactors orbit (Fig. P34.75) when the solar sail makes an angle of = 60 with the tangent to its orbit. Current solar sails may be about 40 m on a side, but the hope is to construct some that are about 160 m on a side. Estimate the impactors tangential acceleration when it is about 1 AU from the Sun. Keep in mind that the sail is neither a perfect absorber nor a perfect reflector, and a heavier impactor would presumably be equipped with a larger sail. Dont be surprised by what may seem like a very small acceleration. FIGURE P34.75arrow_forwardreaches the ground with an intensity of about 1.0kW/m2 . A sunbather has a body surface area of 0.8 m2 facing the sun while reclining on a beach chair on a clear day. (a) how much energy from direct sunlight reaches the sunbather’s skin per second? (b) What pressure does the sunlight exert if it is absorbed?arrow_forward
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