Campbell Biology (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN: 9780134093413
Author: Lisa A. Urry, Michael L. Cain, Steven A. Wasserman, Peter V. Minorsky, Jane B. Reece
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 34.3, Problem 4CC
WHAT IF? Ø Imagine that we could replay the history of life. Is it possible that a group of vertebrates that colonized land could have arisen from aquatic gnathostomes other than the lobe-fins? Explain.
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MAKE CONNECTIONS Many new animal body plansemerged during and after the Cambrian explosion. Incontrast, cnidarians today retain the same diploblastic,radial body plan found in cnidarians 560 million yearsago. Are cnidarians therefore less successful or less “highlyevolved” than other animal groups? Explain.(See Concepts 25.3 and 25.6.)
See attached. 1. Which pair of animals in numbers 1-3 belongs to a common ancestral group? Explain your answer.2. Fossils and anatomical records both provide pieces of evidence of evolution. How do you determine the age of fossils of an Aurorazhdarcho micronyx and an Archeopterix?
What is /are the most recent ancestor/s of the following:
Modern Fishes
Earliest amphibian (What group of fishes gave rise to earliest amphibians?)
Earliest reptiles
Earliest birds
Earliest mammals
Describe the morphological features of their ancestor/s briefly.
Chapter 34 Solutions
Campbell Biology (11th Edition)
Ch. 34.1 - Identify four derived characters that all...Ch. 34.1 - Prob. 2CCCh. 34.1 - VISUAL SKILLS Based on the phylogenetic tree...Ch. 34.2 - How are differences in the anatomy of lampreys and...Ch. 34.2 - WHAT IF? In several different animal lineages,...Ch. 34.2 - WHAT IF? Suggest key roles that mineralized bone...Ch. 34.3 - What derived characters do sharks and tuna share?...Ch. 34.3 - Describe key adaptations of aquatic gnathostomes.Ch. 34.3 - draw it Redraw Figure 34.2 to show four lineages:...Ch. 34.3 - WHAT IF? Imagine that we could replay the history...
Ch. 34.4 - Prob. 1CCCh. 34.4 - Some amphibians never leave the water, whereas...Ch. 34.4 - WHAT IF? Scientists think that amphibian...Ch. 34.5 - Describe three key amniote adaptations for life on...Ch. 34.5 - Prob. 2CCCh. 34.5 - Identify four avian adaptations for flight.Ch. 34.5 - VISUAL SKILLS Based on the phylogeny shown in...Ch. 34.6 - Prob. 1CCCh. 34.6 - Prob. 2CCCh. 34.6 - MAKE CONNECTIONS Develop a hypothesis to explain...Ch. 34.7 - Identify some characters that distinguish hominins...Ch. 34.7 - Provide an example in which different features of...Ch. 34.7 - WHAT IF? Some genetic studies suggest that the...Ch. 34 - Describe likely features of the common ancestor of...Ch. 34 - Identify the shared features of early fossil...Ch. 34 - How would the appearance of organisms with jaws...Ch. 34 - Which features of amphibians restrict most species...Ch. 34 - Explain why birds are considered reptiles.Ch. 34 - Describe the origm and early evolution of mammals.Ch. 34 - Vertebrates and tunicates share (A) jaws adapted...Ch. 34 - Living vertebrates can be divided into two major...Ch. 34 - Unlike eutherians, both monotremes and marsupials...Ch. 34 - Which clade does not include humans? (A)synapsids...Ch. 34 - As hominins diverged from other primates, which of...Ch. 34 - Which of the following could be considered the...Ch. 34 - Prob. 7TYUCh. 34 - SCIENTIFIC INQUIRY DRAW IT As a consequence of...Ch. 34 - Prob. 9TYUCh. 34 - SYNTHESIZE YOUR KNOWLEDGE This animal is a...
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- Arrange the groups in order in which they evolved. ____ 1(earliest) a. Jawless fishes ____ 2 b. Birds ____ 3 c. Dinosaurs ____ 4 d. Amphibians ____ 5(most recent) e. Jawed fishesarrow_forwardArrange the groups in order in which they evolved. ____ 1(earliest) a. Jawless fishes ____ 2 b. Birds ____ 3 c. Dinosaurs ____ 4 d. Amphibians ____ 5(most recent) e. Jawed fishesarrow_forwardTest Your Understanding 8.VISUALIZE Draw a simple cladogram illustrating the evolutionary relationships among extant mammals (marsupials, eutherians, and monotremes). Include the following characters in your cladogram: well-developed placenta, vivipary, endothermy, marsupium, hair.arrow_forward
- Test Your Understanding 1.Which of the following is not a shared derived character of echinoderms? (a) water vascular system (b) notochord (c) tube feet (d) pentaradial symmetry in adult (e) endoskeleton of calcium carbonate plates and spinesarrow_forwardn. Scientists have found one new fossil that is similar to Archaeopteryx. It is only the second fossil of its kind. It shows an animal that had a long-feathered tail and small teeth, like non-avian dinosaurs. But the animal also had flight feathers and wings, like modern birds. The fossil also shows a fused clavicle bone, which confirms the relationship between birds and dinosaurs because they are the only two groups with this characteristic. What is true about this scenario? It shows evidence of evolution. It shows evidence of widespread expression. It shows evidence of climate change. It shows evidence of causation.arrow_forwardQ5. Lungs allow an animal to breathe _____________. Why did this adaptation evolve? Q6. Tetrapods use ____________ to breathe. Do any modern tetrapods have gills? Explain. Q7. How did the anatomy of the shoulder and head change during tetrapod evolution? Q8. Acanthostega and Icythyostega have been called fish-like tetrapods. Explain why they are described as such and describe the environment in which they probably lived. Q9. __________________ and _____________________ are early tetrapods that do not have features unique to fish. Describe how these two species differ anatomically and what that means about where they each lived.arrow_forward
- Find the hash mark indicating the origin of jaws. Which groups of vertebratespossess jaws? Which group(s) diverged before jaws originated?arrow_forwardEvol question: If the common ancestor of Cnidarians were an open-ocean jellyfish, what would you infer regarding the evolutionary trends in the relative importance of the polyp and medusa stages?arrow_forwardAccording to a study by Daniel et al. (1997), nautiloid and ammonoid shells with simple suture patterns could withstand great pressure but have poor buoyancy control whereas the opposite is true for those with complex suture patterns.Given the trend of increasing suture complexity over time in the shells of ammonoids (see figure on the right), how did their habitat change over time?arrow_forward
- What are HOX genes' role in lobe-finned fish to limbed tetrapod evolutionary transition? -Please explain "how" HOX genes have influenced these limbs/appendages from an evolutionary standpoint. Thank you.arrow_forwardThe fossil cephalopod has a calcareous shell and a squid-like body that would extend out of the large opening in the shell. What function(s) do you think the shell might serve?arrow_forward1.Which class of the land-dwelling chordates retained more ancestral features than the others? 2.What are four vertebrates classes grouped under the Amniotes? 3.As human develops and grows into a full adult,which chordate characteristics do we lose and/or has a changes in name and function?Explain fullyarrow_forward
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From Sea to Changing Sea | Early Life in the Oceans || Radcliffe Institute; Author: Harvard University;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ac0TmDf5Feo;License: Standard youtube license