Campbell Biology in Focus (2nd Edition)
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9780321962751
Author: Lisa A. Urry, Michael L. Cain, Steven A. Wasserman, Peter V. Minorsky, Jane B. Reece
Publisher: PEARSON
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Textbook Question
Chapter 35, Problem 11TYU
FOCUS ON EVOLUTION
Describe one invertebrate defense mechanism and discuss how it is an evolutionary adaptation retained in vertebrates.
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EVOLUTION CONNECTION Describe one invertebratemechanism of defense against pathogens and discuss how it isan evolutionary adaptation retained in vertebrates.
Traditionally, acquired immunity is considered a characteristic of vertebrate immune systems. Provide an argument that it is probably also found among invertebrates.
Give 3 examples of barriers that make up the First Line of Defense. Describe how each one functions to protect the body.
Chapter 35 Solutions
Campbell Biology in Focus (2nd Edition)
Ch. 35.1 - Pus is both a sign of infection and an indicator...Ch. 35.1 - MAKE CONNECTIONS How do the molecules that...Ch. 35.1 - Prob. 3CCCh. 35.2 - Prob. 1CCCh. 35.2 - Explain how memory cells strengthen the immune...Ch. 35.2 - WHAT IF? If both copies of a light-chain gene and...Ch. 35.3 - Prob. 1CCCh. 35.3 - Prob. 2CCCh. 35.3 - Prob. 3CCCh. 35 - Prob. 1TYU
Ch. 35 - Prob. 2TYUCh. 35 - Prob. 3TYUCh. 35 - Prob. 4TYUCh. 35 - Prob. 5TYUCh. 35 - Prob. 6TYUCh. 35 - Prob. 7TYUCh. 35 - DRAW IT Consider a pencil-shaped protein with two...Ch. 35 - MAKE CONNECTIONS Contrast clonal selection with...Ch. 35 - Prob. 10TYUCh. 35 - FOCUS ON EVOLUTION Describe one invertebrate...Ch. 35 - Prob. 12TYUCh. 35 - Prob. 13TYU
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- Compare the differences and similarities between the no specific and specific defence systemsarrow_forwardPlease answer fast Which of the following is the most effective antihelminthic immune response of mammals: A.Tissue remodeling driven alternatively activated macrophages B.CD8+ T cell secretion of IgG C.TH-1 driven inflammatory responses D.Direct helminth killing by cytotoxic CD8+ T cellsarrow_forwardDiscuss three levels of defense that the vertebrate immune system is comprised of.arrow_forward
- True adaptive immunity, involving the production of a largenumber of diverse antigen receptors, first evolved ina. amphibians. c. jawed vertebrates.b. invertebrates. d. mammals.arrow_forwardThe innate immune system has to be able to detect foreign invaders. Explain two ways that the innate immune system is able to detect these foreign invaders to allow a response to be mounted.arrow_forwardConsider that the Herd Immunity Threshold is dependent on the reproduction number for an infectious disease. The combination of herd immunity and quarantines were highly effective for eradicating smallpox. What is different about the symptoms of polio infection that makes quarantining infected individuals much more difficult?arrow_forward
- Name one way that genetics can play a role in the first line of defense.arrow_forwardTrue of False? After a primary response, the naive T cells specific for that pathogen outnumber the memory T cells specific for that pathogen.arrow_forwardBased on your understanding of the innate immune system list 3 broad categories (and AT LEAST ONE specific example in each category) that constitute the first line of defense mechanisms by the innate immune system. (Give an approximate time line for this type of defense) If this defense system is breached describe the process that follows (second line of innate defense). Explain how pathogens are detected and dealt with at this time with specific pathogen groups in mind, innate immune cells and molecular components involved. (Give an approximate timeline for this response) What are the TWO possible outcomes of this response and the way forward?arrow_forward
- Although the innate immune system is found in all animals, some invertebrate and vertebrate characteristics differ. Identify the example that is ONLY true of the vertebrate innate immune system. A. Some hemocytes can entrap or break down pathogens, whereas others produce defense molecules or antimicrobial peptides. B. Barrier defenses, such as skin and exoskeletons, prevent pathogens and foreign particles from entering the animal’s body. C. Toll transmembrane receptors activate the production and secretion of fungi-killing antimicrobial peptides. D. Natural killer cells detect abnormal surface proteins and then release chemicals that cause cell death.arrow_forwardExplain the following: Human skeleton plays a role in immunity. Males tend to have bulkier or thicker skeletons than females. Intramembranous vs. Endochondral Ossification.arrow_forwardThe adaptive specific immune response is more complex than the innate response. Discuss ways in which the adaptive immune response is characterized.arrow_forward
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