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(III) The percent polarization P of a partially polarized he am of light is defined as
where Imax and Imm are the maximum and minimum intensities that are obtained when the light passes through a polarizer that is slowly rotated. Such light can be considered as the sum of two unequal plane-polarized beams of intensities Imax and Imin perpendicular to each other. Show that the light transmitted by a polarizer, whose axis makes an angle ϕ to the direction in which Imax is obtained, has intensity
where p = P/100 is the “fractional polarization.”
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