EBK CAMPBELL BIOLOGY IN FOCUS
2nd Edition
ISBN: 8220101459299
Author: Reece
Publisher: PEARSON
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Textbook Question
Chapter 35.2, Problem 3CC
WHAT IF? If both copies of a light-chain gene and a heavy-chain gene recombined in each (diploid) B cell, how would this affect B cell development and function?
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What are two types of long-lived cells derived from the B cell lineage? Where are these cells located + what is their function?
Match the following terms of B-cell development with the best definition.
Surrogate light chain
Allelic exclusion
Checkpoint 2
Checkpoint 1
Receptor editing
Choose...
Choose...
✓Choose...
expression of only one heavy chain allele and one light chain allele
Presence of completed BCR with mu heavy chain and kappa or lambda light chain
Presence of mu heavy chain and presence of pre-B-cell receptor
VpreB and lambda5 which combine with the heavy chain to form pre-B-cell receptor
Successive rearrangement of light chain genes after negative selection
1- B cell clones undergo somatic hypermutation in which structure?
Group of answer choices
A) Thymic cortex
B) Bone marrow
C) Primary focus
D) Germinal center dark zone
2- During T cell development, the surrogate alpha chain (pTalpha) is considered analogous to the surrogate light chains (lambda5 and VpreB) expressed during B cell development.
Which complexes do these surrogate protein chains help form in T cell and B cells, respectively?
Group of answer choices
A) Mature TCR and transitional B cell BCR
B) Double positive thymocyte CD4/CD8 complex and mature naive B cell IgD/IgM complex
C) preTCR and preBCR
D) Thymic progenitor Notch receptor and early pro-B cell IL-7 receptor
Chapter 35 Solutions
EBK CAMPBELL BIOLOGY IN FOCUS
Ch. 35.1 - Pus is both a sign of infection and an indicator...Ch. 35.1 - MAKE CONNECTIONS How do the molecules that...Ch. 35.1 - Prob. 3CCCh. 35.2 - Prob. 1CCCh. 35.2 - Explain how memory cells strengthen the immune...Ch. 35.2 - WHAT IF? If both copies of a light-chain gene and...Ch. 35.3 - Prob. 1CCCh. 35.3 - Prob. 2CCCh. 35.3 - Prob. 3CCCh. 35 - Prob. 1TYU
Ch. 35 - Prob. 2TYUCh. 35 - Prob. 3TYUCh. 35 - Prob. 4TYUCh. 35 - Prob. 5TYUCh. 35 - Prob. 6TYUCh. 35 - Prob. 7TYUCh. 35 - DRAW IT Consider a pencil-shaped protein with two...Ch. 35 - MAKE CONNECTIONS Contrast clonal selection with...Ch. 35 - Prob. 10TYUCh. 35 - FOCUS ON EVOLUTION Describe one invertebrate...Ch. 35 - Prob. 12TYUCh. 35 - Prob. 13TYU
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- Briefly, what are the 2 ‘checkpoints’ in development for the B cell? When do the B cells pause to proliferate and why is this step is important? Explain receptor editing.arrow_forwardIn the process shown in Diagram 2, what performs the function most similar to that of the activated T cell in Diagram 1?arrow_forwardMatch the stage of B cell development with the rearrangement or expression of immunoglobulin genes. Stem cell Early pro-B cell Late pro-B cell Large pre-B cell Small pre-B cell Immature B cell ✓Choose... V-DJ rearranging germline configuration for both light and heavy chain genes D-J rearranging V-J rearranging u heavy chain plus lambda or kappa light chains on cell surface μ heavy chain made but light-chain genes in germline configuration Choose... Choose... ➡ →arrow_forward
- Please answer fast Which type of cells normally drive class switching to IgE and how? How might the lack of Th17 cells contribute to the increased numbers of B cells switching?arrow_forwardPlease answer fast How do autoimmune diseases like rheumatoid arthritis, Type I diabetes and Multiple Sclerosis develop? a. There is an error during clonal expansion that generates an over-abundance of non-specific lymphocytes.b. During clonal deletion, the TREG cells that suppress the development of autoimmune diseases are accidentally eliminated. c. During maturation, negative selection fails to eliminate Class II MCH phagocytes with autoreactive receptors at checkpoint 1. d. During maturation, negative selection fails to eliminate lymphocytes with autoreactive receptors at checkpoint 2.arrow_forward277. Which of the following best describes the reason that the B cell receptor cannot transduce signals to the inside the cell once it binds antigen? A. The receptor requires twice the amount of antigen to be activated because it contains two sites. antigen binding b. lga is rapidly dephosphorylated c. The cytoplasmic domain of the receptor consists of 3 amino acids. d. Immunoglobulins (Ig) are inflexible moleculesarrow_forward
- Describe VDJ recombination in the development of B cell. Include in your description the roles of RSS, RAG-1 and RAG-2 and other essential enzymes.arrow_forwardCompare and contrast the first and second checkpoint in B cell development (Include terms: Heavy & light chain, surrogate light chain, cell signaling, apoptosis).arrow_forward1. True or False: Negative selection of transitional B cells in the spleen removes B cell clones whose BCR recognizes self antigens that weren't expressed in the bone marrow. 2. Which of the following statements about the pre-BCR is false? A. Transiently expressed with the IgM isotype in its constant region. B. Signals in an antigen-independent manner. C. Consists of a rearranged immunoglobulin light chain paired with a surrogate immunoglobulin heavy chain (VpreB). D. Consists of a rearranged immunoglobulin heavy chain paired with a surrogate light chain (VpreB + lambda5) 3. True or False: The class switch recombination of IgA antibodies is induced by TGF-beta or IL-21, and IgA antibodies can be transported across the placental interface as pentameric (5 member) oligomers. 4. A newborn infant has not started breastfeeding yet. Which isotype of maternal antibody/antibodies does the newborn have that they received from their mother while in utero? A. IgD only B. IgA only…arrow_forward
- In B cells, what mechanism ensures that only rearranged V genes are transcribed?arrow_forward28. The molecules mediating signal transduction on a B-cell following antigen binding to BCR are called? A lg Fc B Ig-a and Ig-B C MHC 29. Autoreactive B cells are removed during ................stage A Pro B cell B Pre-B cell C immature B cell D CD4 E CD8 D mature B cellarrow_forwardPlease could you explain how lymphocytes (especially B) can maintain receptors on their surfaces? Is this genetically related? If so, when the lymphocytes are first exposed to the antigens, how could the antigen receptor be synthesized? Is there a mutation within the nuclei of these lymphocytes when they learn to make the receptors? If there is, can you explain how this occurs?arrow_forward
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