Concept explainers
CDs and DVDs as Diffraction Gratings. A laser beam of wavelength λ = 632.8 nm shines at normal incidence on the reflective side of a compact disc. (a) The tracks of tiny pits in which information is coded onto the CD are 1.60 μm apart. For what angles of reflection (measured from the normal) will the intensity of light be maximum? (b) On a DVD, the tracks are only 0.740 μm apart. Repeat the calculation of part (a) for the DVD.
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solutionChapter 36 Solutions
University Physics with Modern Physics, Volume 1 (Chs. 1-20) and Mastering Physics with Pearson eText & ValuePack Access Card (14th Edition)
Additional Science Textbook Solutions
Physics: Principles with Applications
Life in the Universe (4th Edition)
Physics for Scientists and Engineers: A Strategic Approach, Vol. 1 (Chs 1-21) (4th Edition)
Applied Physics (11th Edition)
Cosmic Perspective Fundamentals
- Astronomers observe the chromosphere of the Sun with a filter that passes the red hydrogen spectral line of wavelength 656.3 nm, called the H line. The filter consists of a transparent dielectric of thickness d held between two partially aluminized glass plates. The filter is held at a constant temperature. (a) Find the minimum value of d that produces maximum transmission of perpendicular H light if the dielectric has an index of refraction of 1.378. (b) What If? If the temperature of the filter increases above the normal value, increasing its thickness, what happens to the transmitted wavelength? (c) The dielectric will also pass what near-visible wavelength? One of the glass plates is colored red to absorb this light.arrow_forwardAstronomers observe the chromosphere of the Sun with a filter that passes the red hydrogen spectral line of wavelength 656.3 nm, called the Hα line. The filter consists of a transparent dielectric of thickness d held between two partially aluminized glass plates. The filter is kept at a constant temperature. (a) Find the minimum value of dα light if the dielectric has an index of refraction of 1.378. (b) If the temperature of the filter increases above the normal value increasing its thickness, what happens to the transmitted wavelength? (c) The dielectric will also pass what near-visible wavelength? One of the glass plates is colored red to absorb this light.arrow_forwardA ray of light consisting of blue light (wavelength 480 nm) and red light (wavelength 670 nm) is incident on a thick piece of glass at 80°. What is the angular separation between the refracted red and refracted blue beams while they are in the glass? (The respective indices of refraction for the blue light and the red light are 1.4636 and 1.4561.) O 0.27° 0.33° O 0.36° O 0.46° O 0.54°arrow_forward
- A fiber optic is made by cladding a thin fiber core of refractive index n₁ = 1.45 with a material of refractive index n₂ = 1.38. What is the maximum incident angle, 0, so that the light ray is totally internally reflected inside the fiber?arrow_forwardA thin coating is applied to a lens to protect against UV light. The coating strongly reflects light of wavelength 384 nm and strongly transmits light of wavelength 528 nm (i.e. visible light, near the middle of the visible spectrum.) The index of refraction of the coating material is 1.58 and the lens is made of a material with index 1.48. Find the smallest possible thickness for the coating.arrow_forwardThe plane z = 0 separates two media: glass(nglass = 1.51 for z < 0) and water (nH20 = 1.33 for z > 0). The optical beam of a helium-cadmium (He-Cd) laser has a wavelength in vacuum of 325 nm. Consider that the laser beam propagates in the x-z plane from the glass side towards the glass/water interface at an angle of incidence of 30° (angle between the incident beam and the normal to the interface). Determine the Cartesian components of the k-vector (kx, ky, kz) for the incident reflected, and transmitted beams.arrow_forward
- Q.1 A light ray is reflected from a mirror with an angle 60.0° to the normal. What was the angle of incidence? Q.2 Light passes through a transparent substance at a speed of 2 ×108 m/s. What is the index of refraction of the substance? Q.3 The wavelength of a monochromatic light source is measured to be 5.5 × 10-8 m in a diffraction experiment. (a) What is the frequency? (b) What is the energy of a photon of this light?arrow_forwardIn the figure, first-order reflection from the reflection planes shown occurs when an x-ray beam of wavelength 0.820 nm makes an angle θ = 62.3˚ with the top face of the crystal. What is the unit cell size a0?arrow_forwardlet a beam of x rays of wavelength 0.125 nm be incident on an NaCl crystal at angle u 45.0° to the top face of the crystal and a family of reflecting planes. Let the reflecting planes have separation d = 0.252 nm. The crystal is turned through angle f around an axis perpendicular to the plane of the page until these reflecting planes give diffraction maxima. What are the (a) smaller and (b) larger value of f if the crystal is turned clockwise and the (c) smaller and (d) larger value of f if it is turned counterclockwise?arrow_forward
- A narrow beam of light with wavelengths from 450 nm to 700 nm is incident perpendicular to one face of a prism made of crown glass, for which the index of refraction ranges from n = 1.533 to n = 1.517 for those wavelengths. The light strikes the opposite side of the prism at an angle of 40°. What is the angular spread of the beam as it leaves the prism?arrow_forwardQuartz is a uniaxial birefringent material with ordinary refractive index n0 = 1.5443 and extraordinary refractive index ne = 1.5534. It is desired to make a thin plate of quartz to convert incident plane-polarised light of wavelength λ0 = 633 nm into outgoing circular-polarised light. Define the terms ”birefringent” and ”uniaxial”; calculate the required minimum thickness of the plate; and state the required orientation of the n0 and ne axes relative to the plane of polarisation of the incident light.arrow_forwardAn optic fiber is a clear solid tube designed to transmit light pulses in a particular direction. To minimize losses, you want light hitting the inside surface of the tube to reflect for as large a range of angles as possible. Should the index of refraction of the fiber be large or small? Why?arrow_forward
- Principles of Physics: A Calculus-Based TextPhysicsISBN:9781133104261Author:Raymond A. Serway, John W. JewettPublisher:Cengage LearningPhysics for Scientists and Engineers with Modern ...PhysicsISBN:9781337553292Author:Raymond A. Serway, John W. JewettPublisher:Cengage LearningPhysics for Scientists and EngineersPhysicsISBN:9781337553278Author:Raymond A. Serway, John W. JewettPublisher:Cengage Learning