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Concept explainers
Interpretation:
Among the given pairs of electron subshells, the one that has the first subshell with more energy has to be chosen.
Concept Introduction:
Electrons are present outside the nucleus of an atom. These electrons are restricted to some specific regions around the nucleus of an atom. Electrons do move rapidly in the space about the nucleus is divided into subspaces that are known as shells, subshells and orbitals.
Electron shells are the space region that is present around the nucleus and this contains electrons that possess approximately same energy and which spend most of their time in the same distance from nucleus. Electron shells are numbered as 1, 2, 3, and so on. The energy of electron increases as the distance between the nucleus and electron shell increases. Electron shell can accommodate electrons and it varies because higher the electron shell number, more is the number of electrons that can be present in it.
Electron subshell is the space region in the electron shell which contains the electrons that have same energy. The number of electron subshell present for each electron shell depends upon the shell number. Electrons are added to the electron subshell in the electron shell. The number of electron subshell that is present in an electron shell depends only on the shell number. If the shell number is 1, then there is only one electron subshell. If the shell number is 2 means then there is two electron subshells and so on.
Electron orbital is the space region in electron subshell where the electrons with specific energy are most likely to be found. An electron orbital can hold only two electrons irrespective of the other considerations. “s” subshell has one orbital, “p” subshell has three orbital, “d” subshell has five orbital and “f” subshell has seven orbitals.
Each and every orbitals have distinct shape. This does not depend upon the shell number. “s” orbital is spherical shape, “p” orbital has two lobes, “d” orbitals have four lobes, and “f” orbital has eight lobes.
Electrons that are present within an orbital “move about” in an orbital. Electron spins on its own either in clockwise or anticlockwise direction. In an orbital, the two electrons that are present will have opposite spin. If one electron spins in clockwise direction, the other electron will spin in anticlockwise direction in an orbital. For two electrons present in the same orbital, this is the most favorable state energetically.
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Chapter 3 Solutions
EBK GENERAL, ORGANIC, AND BIOLOGICAL CH
- Which of the following statements concerning ATP is true? a. The free energy value for the hydrolysis of ATP is nearly the same for ADP. b. The free energy value for the hydrolysis of ATP is greater than that for ADP. c. ATP hydrolysis is more likely at pH 5 than at pH 7. d. One mole of glycerate-1,3-bisphosphate can phosphorylate one mole of AMP to yield ATP.arrow_forwardDuring a redox reaction the molecule that gains an electron has been a. reduced and now has a higher energy level. b. oxidized and now has a lower energy level. c. reduced and now has a lower energy level. d. oxidized and now has a higher energy level.arrow_forwardWhich of the following electron-transport chain complexes is not a member of the respirasome? a. Complex I b. Complex II c. Complex III d. Complex IVarrow_forward
- The process of electrons passing energy to electrons in the neighboring pigment molecules is known as. A. Activation energy B. Resonance C. Photon transfer D. Fluorescencearrow_forwardWhich of the following is an electron carrier that shuttles electrons between various protein complexes in the electron transport chain?* a.FMN b.NADH c.Cyt c d.Cyt a3arrow_forwardWhich of the following is not an electron acceptor? A. Oxygen B. Sulfates C. Hydrogen sulfide D. Nitratesarrow_forward
- What molecular force holds your chlorophyll solvent together? a. hydrogen bonding b. london-dispersion forces c. dipole-dipole forces d. ion-dipole forcesarrow_forwardThe following chemicals are involved in electron transport. Which of these chemicals has the strongest pull on electrons? a. NADH b. FADH2 c. O2 d. Ubiquinonearrow_forwardUse the following information to answer the next question Chemistry of Carbon Dioxide Transport CO₂ + H₂OⓇ H₂CO3 Ⓡ HCO3- + H+ Identify H₂CO3 in the chemical reaction described above Select one: a. carbonic acid b. carbonic anhydrase c. oxyhemoglobin d. hemoglobin O Oarrow_forward
- During cell respiration, what happens to the strength of the bonds between atoms in glucose vs those in the products water and carbon dioxide? Choose all answers that are correct. a. the carbon-hydrogen bonds in glucose are stronger than the carbon-oxygen bonds in carbon dioxide b. an oxidizing agent c.the carbon-hydrogen bonds in glucose are weaker than the carbon-oxygen bonds in carbon dioxide d.the carbon-hydrogen bonds in glucose are weaker than the oxygen-hydrogen bonds in water e.the carbon-hydrogen bonds in glucose are stronger than the oxygen-hydrogen bonds in waterarrow_forwardDefine the following terms: a. hydride ion b. oxidation reaction c. energy d. FAD e. electron transport pathwayarrow_forwardWhich exchange resin can be used to separate two tripeptides (MDEA and CKRF)?A. Both B and C B. Anion exchange resins C. Cation exchange resins. D. None of the abovearrow_forward
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