University Physics with Modern Physics, Volume 1 (Chs. 1-20) (14th Edition)
14th Edition
ISBN: 9780133978049
Author: Hugh D. Young, Roger A. Freedman
Publisher: PEARSON
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Concept explainers
Question
Chapter 38, Problem 38.34P
(a)
To determine
The rate at which energy is delivered to the target.
(b)
To determine
The rate at which temperature rises.
(c)
To determine
The physical properties of a target material.
Expert Solution & Answer
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solution
Students have asked these similar questions
Gamma-ray detectors like the one described in the preceding problem often use calorimetry to determine gamma-ray energies. Suppose a beam of 100-MeV gamma rays strikes a target with a mass of 2.5 kg and specifi c heat 430 J/(kg # K). How many gamma rays are needed to raise the target’s temperature by 10 mK?
How many particles are present in a closed container if the energy it contains is 98998.19J, and the diatomic oxygen gas is moving at a velocity of 26.52m/s? Use only the whole number for the value of atomic mass unit. Express your answer in proper scientific notation.
You are asked to design a spectral filter that practically removes 99.0% of the low energy photons in an X-ray beam. Such photons
contribute to the patient dose without contributing to the image and are defined as no more than 1% of these photons making it to the
other side of the patient. Assume a patient can be modelled as a 20cm thick homogenous object with linear attenuation coefficients as
shown below in Table 1. What is the thickness of the filter needed to eliminate all the energies which satisfy the above requirement?
Filter linear attenuation properties are given below in Table 2.
Table 1: Linear attenuation coefficients vs. energy of patient equivalent material
Energy [keV]
Habject (mm|
20
0.02601
30
0.02407
40
0.02303
50
60
0.02151
0.02013
Table 2: Linear attenuation coefficients vs. energy of filter material
60
0.06684
20
Energy (keV]
Hrter (mm
30
40
50
70
0.1225
0.1067
0.0872
0.07541
0.06327
Chapter 38 Solutions
University Physics with Modern Physics, Volume 1 (Chs. 1-20) (14th Edition)
Ch. 38.1 - Silicon films become better electrical conductors...Ch. 38.2 - Prob. 38.2TYUCh. 38.3 - Prob. 38.3TYUCh. 38.4 - Prob. 38.4TYUCh. 38 - Prob. 38.1DQCh. 38 - Prob. 38.2DQCh. 38 - Prob. 38.3DQCh. 38 - Prob. 38.4DQCh. 38 - Prob. 38.5DQCh. 38 - Prob. 38.6DQ
Ch. 38 - Prob. 38.7DQCh. 38 - Prob. 38.8DQCh. 38 - Prob. 38.9DQCh. 38 - Prob. 38.10DQCh. 38 - Prob. 38.11DQCh. 38 - Prob. 38.12DQCh. 38 - Prob. 38.13DQCh. 38 - Prob. 38.14DQCh. 38 - Prob. 38.15DQCh. 38 - Prob. 38.16DQCh. 38 - Prob. 38.17DQCh. 38 - Prob. 38.1ECh. 38 - Prob. 38.2ECh. 38 - Prob. 38.3ECh. 38 - Prob. 38.4ECh. 38 - Prob. 38.5ECh. 38 - Prob. 38.6ECh. 38 - Prob. 38.7ECh. 38 - Prob. 38.8ECh. 38 - Prob. 38.9ECh. 38 - Prob. 38.10ECh. 38 - Prob. 38.11ECh. 38 - Prob. 38.12ECh. 38 - Prob. 38.13ECh. 38 - Prob. 38.14ECh. 38 - Prob. 38.15ECh. 38 - Prob. 38.16ECh. 38 - Prob. 38.17ECh. 38 - Prob. 38.18ECh. 38 - Prob. 38.19ECh. 38 - Prob. 38.20ECh. 38 - Prob. 38.21ECh. 38 - An electron and a positron are moving toward each...Ch. 38 - Prob. 38.23ECh. 38 - Prob. 38.24ECh. 38 - Prob. 38.25ECh. 38 - Prob. 38.26PCh. 38 - Prob. 38.27PCh. 38 - Prob. 38.28PCh. 38 - Prob. 38.29PCh. 38 - Prob. 38.30PCh. 38 - Prob. 38.31PCh. 38 - Prob. 38.32PCh. 38 - Prob. 38.33PCh. 38 - Prob. 38.34PCh. 38 - Prob. 38.35PCh. 38 - Prob. 38.36PCh. 38 - Prob. 38.37PCh. 38 - Prob. 38.38PCh. 38 - Prob. 38.39PCh. 38 - Prob. 38.40CPCh. 38 - Prob. 38.41PPCh. 38 - Prob. 38.42PPCh. 38 - Prob. 38.43PPCh. 38 - Prob. 38.44PPCh. 38 - Prob. 38.45PP
Knowledge Booster
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, physics and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- A 3.0-MV transmission electron microscope has been in operation at Osaka University in Japan for several years. The higher-energy electrons allow for deeper sample penetration and extremely high resolution. What is the resolution limit for these electrons?arrow_forwardDetermine the thickness of lead that is required to reduce the flux density of a150 ??? gamma ray to 5% of its incident value. The half value layer for 150 ??? gamma rays inlead is 0.068 ?m. You can find the full question in the image as well.arrow_forwarda. A dental x-ray machine has a 60 kV accelerating voltage and a tungsten target. Atypical exposure uses an 8.0 mA electron current for 18 s. What is the approximatepower of the x-ray emission? The conversion efficiency is not known precisely, so aone-significant-figure answer is appropriate. b. What is the x-ray intensity at the jaw, 15 cm from the source? Assume that the x raysare emitted uniformly in all directions from a single point. c. A molar tooth can be approximated as a 9-mm-diameter, 20-mm-long cylinder. X raysimpinge on a molar from the side, perpendicular to the axis of the cylinder. Approxi-mately what x-ray energy enters a molar during the exposure?arrow_forward
- Problem 1 Use the properties of Gamma functions to solve these expressions by hand. a program such as a T[ ] × [4] b C 3 — 92 xr 5 9 T[-2] × [2] Г xr 4 4arrow_forwardIf the radius of a calcium ion is 0.19 nm, how much energy does it take to singly ionize it? Give your answer in electron-volts (eV) with precision 0.1 eV. Give your answer to 2 significant digits.arrow_forwardTypical HVL values for X-ray radiation with energy 1 MeV are 3 cm for bone tissues, 2 cm for aluminum, 0.3 cm for lead. Find mass and linear attenuation coefficients if densities are 1.85 g/cm3 , 2.70 g/cm3 , 11.35 g/cm3, respectively.arrow_forward
- The half value layer (HVL) of a material is defined as the thickness of the material needed to reduce the intensity of the incident x-ray beam to half its value. Assume that the x-ray beam is monochromatic, no scattering occurs and that material A (as shown in Figure 1) is. homogeneous and has a linear attenuation coefficient (u.). Material A has an HVL of 1.5 mm. Calculate the ratio l/lz as shown in Figure 1 if x-5 mm. lo HA=?? 2x Figure 1: Schematic diagram fr question 3.arrow_forwardCalculate the thickness of Al and Cu required to attenuate narrow, collimated, monochromatic beams of 0.1-MeV and 0.8-MeV gamma rays to: (use appendix A) a. One-half of the incident beam (HVL) b. One-tenth the incident intensity (TVL). Express the answers in cm and in g/cm²arrow_forwardSome experiments require calibration of the equipment before the mea- surements can be made. Any random errors in the calibration will usually become Systematic errors in the experiment itself. To illustrate this effect, consider an exper- iment on the Zeeman effect, in which a magnetic field causes a tiny shift in the 4.27. frequency of light given out by an atom. This shift can be measured using a Fabry- Perot interferometer, which consists of two parallel reflecting surfaces a distance d apart (where d is typically a couple of millimeters). To use the interferometer, one must know the distance d; that is, one must calibrate the instrument by measuring d. A convenient way to make this measurement is to send light of an accurately known wavelength A through the interferometer, which produces a series of interfer- reference marks fringes wavelength is sent through a Fabry-Perot interferometer, it pro- Figure 4.3. When light of one duces a pattern of alternating light and dark fringes.…arrow_forward
- With incident neutron beam of 13.7 meV, what would be the scattering angle 2θ for the (200) and (400) Bragg peak?arrow_forwardThe count rate for a particular a source X is C0 on a detector placed 1 m from the source. When a metal sheet of thickness 5mm is placed between source and counter the count rate drops by 75%. What is the value of the attenuation coefficient, μ, for this radiation and metal?arrow_forwardA thermal neutron has a speed v at temperature T = 300 K and kinetic energy m,v² m = 3KT. Calculate its deBroglie wavelength. State whether a beam of these neutrons could be diffracted by a crystal, and why? (b) Use Heisenberg's Uncertainty principle to estimate the kinetic energy (in MeV) of a nucleon bound within a nucleus of radius 10-15 m.arrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
Principles of Physics: A Calculus-Based TextPhysicsISBN:9781133104261Author:Raymond A. Serway, John W. JewettPublisher:Cengage Learning
Principles of Physics: A Calculus-Based Text
Physics
ISBN:9781133104261
Author:Raymond A. Serway, John W. Jewett
Publisher:Cengage Learning