Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)
4th Edition
ISBN: 9781305389892
Author: Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan
Publisher: Cengage Learning
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Videos
Question
Chapter 39, Problem 9TYK
Summary Introduction
Introduction:
The nerves of the human nervous system are not continuous. There is a small gap between two neurons, which is known as a synapse. The communication between two neurons takes place due to the release of a neurotransmitter into the synapse. The release of neurotransmitter is regulated by the calcium ion concentration inside the neuron.
Expert Solution & Answer
Trending nowThis is a popular solution!
Students have asked these similar questions
The release of a neurotransmitter from a terminal button produces an inhibitory postsynaptic potential (IPSP) in the postsynaptic neuron. What is the most likely mechanism by which this occurs?
A.
the neurotransmitter opens chemically activated chloride channels
B.
the neurotransmitter activates a second messenger which then opens calcium channels
C.
the neurotransmitter is glutamate
D.
the neurotransmitter acts on a G-protein linked receptor which opens sodium channels
Which of the following is the role of axonal Calcium (Ca2+) channels in neuronal communication at the synapse?
a) they inhibit the action potential causing it to stop
b) Calcium channels have no role in this process
c) by allowing calcium to exit the cell, they promote the propagation of action potential across the synapse by creating depolarization
d) by blocking calcium entrance, they mediate the contraction of presynaptic axon to facilitate movement
e) when they open, calcium enters the presynaptic terminal, promoting fusion of neurotransmitter vesicles with presynaptic membrane, and release of neurotransmitters to the synaptic cleft
What determines the effect of neurotransmitter release on the post-synaptic neurons?
a. the size of the action potential.
b. the post-synaptic receptors
c. the neurotransmitter contained in the synaptic vesicles.
d. the concentration of calcium ions reached in presynaptic terminals.
e. the size of the synaptic vesicles.
Chapter 39 Solutions
Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 39.1 - Prob. 1SBCh. 39.1 - Prob. 2SBCh. 39.1 - Prob. 3SBCh. 39.2 - Prob. 1SBCh. 39.2 - Prob. 2SBCh. 39.3 - Prob. 1SBCh. 39.3 - Prob. 2SBCh. 39.4 - Prob. 1SBCh. 39 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 39 - Prob. 2TYK
Ch. 39 - An example of a synapse could be the site where:...Ch. 39 - Prob. 4TYKCh. 39 - The major role of the Na+/K+ pump is to: a. cause...Ch. 39 - In the propagation of a nerve impulse: a. the...Ch. 39 - Which of the following does not contribute to...Ch. 39 - Which of the following statements best describes...Ch. 39 - Prob. 9TYKCh. 39 - Prob. 10TYKCh. 39 - Prob. 11TYKCh. 39 - Prob. 12TYKCh. 39 - Prob. 13TYKCh. 39 - Prob. 14TYKCh. 39 - Prob. 15TYKCh. 39 - Prob. 16TYKCh. 39 - You learned in this chapter that Na+/K+ active...Ch. 39 - Prob. 2ITDCh. 39 - Prob. 3ITD
Knowledge Booster
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- What membrane protein of the neuron is responsible for briefly increasing the Na+ permeability of the membrane during the rising phase of the nerve impulse? a. the sodium-potassium pump b. the voltage gated potassium channel c. the voltage gated sodium channel d. the stimulus gated sodium channel e. the ligand gated ion channelarrow_forwardIn the hippocampus, when glutatmate is released into the synaptic cleft, but the postsynaptic cell is NOT depolarized, there is only a small postsynaptic response. Why is this the case? A. Ca++ ions block the NMDA ion channel B. Mg++ ions block the NMDA ion channel C. Glutamate is an inhibitory amino acid neurotransmitter D. There are no NMDA receptors on the postsynaptic cellarrow_forwardCharge from depolarization along the axon reaches the axon terminal, but there is a lack of neurotransmitter release. Which of the following would cause this? Group of answer choices A. Lack of Na+ in the synaptic cleft B. Lack of Ca2+ in the synaptic cleft C. Reduced amount of K+ at the axon terminal D. Lack of voltage-gated sodium channels in the axon terminalarrow_forward
- Organophosphate pesticides inhibit the action of acetylcholinesterase. What effect does this have in the cell? Select one: a. It prevents synthesis of ACh in the presynaptic terminal causing less neurotransmitter release b. It prevents breakdown of ACh in the synapse causing increased activity at the postsynaptic cell c. It prevents reuptake of ACh into the presynaptic terminal causing increased activity at the postsynaptic cell d. It prevents binding of ACh on the postsynaptic cell causing less activity e. It prevents reuptake of ACh into the presynaptic terminal causing less neurotransmitter synthesis.arrow_forwardJohn Hughes and Hans Kosterlitz identified the endorphin receptor in frogs, and concluded that animals have a "built in" opioid system. To make sure that endorphins are truly neurochemicals, which of the following question should we ask these gentlemen? Please select all that apply.a) Are endorphins released in response to presynaptic depolarization? b) Do endorphins interact with postsynaptic receptors? c) Are endorphins found in presynaptic cells? d) Are endorphins subject to reuptake?arrow_forwardHow do neurotransmitters directly affect the postsynaptic neuron? A)They cause a change in the electrical potential, exciting the neuron and causing it to fire b)They cause a change in the electrical potential, either exciting or inhibiting the next neuron. C)They cause a change in the electrical potential, inhibiting the neuron and stopping it from fi d)They connect with the appropriate receptor on the postsynaptic neuronarrow_forward
- A neuron may receive signals from thousands of synaptic terminals. What determines whether the receiving neuron will respond by transmitting a signal? a. the concentration of transmitter inside the receiving neuron b. the summation of excitatory and inhibitory signals received c. the number of glial cells contact the receiving neuronarrow_forwardThe difference between the channels along the axon and the channels in the axon terminal is that? a) axon channels are voltage-gated sodium channels and axon terminal channels are voltage-gated calcium channels b) there is no difference c) axon channels are voltage-gated sodium channels and axon terminal channels are ligand- gated sodium channelsarrow_forwardGlutamate is an excitatory neurotransmitter associated with learning and memory. Glutamate's effect when it binds with protein receptors on the post synaptic membrane is to: Select one: a. Initiate movement of sodium ions out of the membrane b. Initiate movement of potassium ions out of the membrane c. Initiate movement of sodium ions into the membrane d. Initiate movement of potassium ions into the membranearrow_forward
- In an experiment you place a neuron and its synaptic contacts into a medium containing no calcium ions. You stimulate the neuron causing an action potential to propagate down the axon into the axon terminal of the neuron. 3.) What is the most likely result of this experimental manipulation? A. Prolong the refractory period of the action potential B. Decrease the time required to move sodium ions out of the axon terminal C. Prevent neurotransmitter from binding to receptors on postsynaptic cells D. Enhance the voltage changes associated with the action potential E. Prevent release of neurotransmitter into the synapsearrow_forwardWhat are all the possible ways that a neurotransmitter is removed from the synaptic cleft? Select all that apply. A. Taken up by postsynaptic transporters B. Taken up by presynaptic transporters C. Broken down by enzymes in the cleft D. Broken down by enzymes in the presynaptic side E. Broken down by postsynaptic enzymesarrow_forwardThere is a type of toxin found in the liver of the puffer fish that prevents the opening of voltage-gated Na+ channels in neurons. The effect of this toxin is to: Group of answer choices A. prevents the initiation of the action potential B. depolarizes the membrane potential and maintains it depolarized C. prolongs the return of the membrane potential to the resting level D. increases the duration of the action potentialarrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
Human Physiology: From Cells to Systems (MindTap ...BiologyISBN:9781285866932Author:Lauralee SherwoodPublisher:Cengage Learning
Comprehensive Medical Assisting: Administrative a...NursingISBN:9781305964792Author:Wilburta Q. Lindh, Carol D. Tamparo, Barbara M. Dahl, Julie Morris, Cindy CorreaPublisher:Cengage Learning
Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)BiologyISBN:9781305389892Author:Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillanPublisher:Cengage Learning
Human Physiology: From Cells to Systems (MindTap ...
Biology
ISBN:9781285866932
Author:Lauralee Sherwood
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Comprehensive Medical Assisting: Administrative a...
Nursing
ISBN:9781305964792
Author:Wilburta Q. Lindh, Carol D. Tamparo, Barbara M. Dahl, Julie Morris, Cindy Correa
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)
Biology
ISBN:9781305389892
Author:Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Nervous System - Get to know our nervous system a bit closer, how does it works? | Neurology; Author: FreeMedEducation;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6O-0CVAgaEM;License: Standard youtube license