Biological Science (6th Edition)
6th Edition
ISBN: 9780321976499
Author: Scott Freeman, Kim Quillin, Lizabeth Allison, Michael Black, Emily Taylor, Greg Podgorski, Jeff Carmichael
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 4, Problem 11PIAT
Summary Introduction
To review:
The model described by Phoebus Levene will affect the information that could be stored in the DNA, assuming this model to be correct.
Introduction:
The “tetranucleotide hypothesis” was formulated around 1910 by Phoebus Levene, which first proposed that DNA is made up of equal amounts of adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine. Phoebus Levene was the first to describe the structure of nucleotides and how they were bonded together with phosphodiester linkages. In 1919, he incorrectly proposed the tetranucleotide hypothesis, which stated that
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When DNA is heated sufficiently, the strands separate. The energy that it takes to separate the DNA is related to the amount of guanine and cytosine bases. Why is this so?
(A) Adenine and thymine make 3 hydrogen bonds between each other, and guanine and cytosine don't make any hydrogen bonds.
(B) Guanine and cytosine make 3 hydrogen bonds between each other, and adenine and thymine don't make any hydrogen bonds.
(C) It takes more energy to break an A-T bond than it does a G-C bond.
(D) It takes more energy to break a G-C bond than it does an A-T bond.
The DNA double helix looks like a twisted ladder.What makes up each rung of the ladder, what holds the rungs of the ladder and what holds the rungs together at the sides? Explain the reason for this orientation.
While trying to determine the structure of DNA, Watson and Crick at one point proposed that like bases are bonded to like bases. For example, thymine would be bonded to thymine, cytosine would be bonded to cytosine, and so on. Explain why this proposed model would not fit based on what was discovered to be true about DNA.
Chapter 4 Solutions
Biological Science (6th Edition)
Ch. 4 - What are the four nitrogenous bases found in RNA?...Ch. 4 - 2. What determines the primary structure of a DNA...Ch. 4 - 3. Which of the following describes the synthesis...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4TYKCh. 4 - Prob. 5TYUCh. 4 - Prob. 6TYUCh. 4 - What would be the sequence of the strand of DNA...Ch. 4 - 8. According to the RNA world model, a ribozyme...Ch. 4 - Make a concept map (see BioSkills 12 ) that...Ch. 4 - Prob. 10TYPSS
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Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- DNA contains many hydrogen bonds. Are hydrogen bonds stronger or weaker than covalent bonds? What are the consequences of this difference in strength?arrow_forwardThe DNA double helix looks like a twisted ladder.What makes up each rung of the ladder?What holds the rungs together at the base? Describe its structure and its component.arrow_forwardThe two strands of a DNA double helix can be separated by heating. If you raise the temperature of a solution containing the three DNA molecules below, in what order do you think these DNAs will "melt"? Explain 1)5’-GCGGGCCAGCCCGAGTGGGTAGCCCAGG-3’ 3’-CGCCCGGTCGGGCTCACCCATCGGGTCC-5’ 2) 5’-ATTATAAAATATTTAGATACTATATTTACAA-3’ 3’-TAATATTTTATAAATCTATGATATAAATGTT-5’ 3) 5’-AGAGCTAGATCGAT-3’ 3’-TCTCGATCTAGCTA-5’arrow_forward
- Which DNA double helix do you think would be harder to separate into two strands? DNA composed of predominantly or GC base pairs. Why?arrow_forward6. James Watson and Francis Crick were the two scientists who received credit for identifying the structure of DNA. They based their findings on the work of Rosalind Franklin. Group of answer choices True False 7. Transcription uses a strand of DNA as a template or copy and makes a new strand of RNA which is used to eventually code for proteins. Group of answer choices True False 9. After the process of DNA replication, there are two newly formed strands of DNA in each double helix. Group of answer choices True False plz aNSWER ALLarrow_forwardDNA: The Secret of Life https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HwPWv50YcMY There were three main groups working to discover the structure of DNA. Who were the three different teams and what techniques were they using?arrow_forward
- Which of the following strands of DNA (assuming it was bound to its complementary strand to create a double-helix structure) would be the least difficult to break apart? a. 5' - CCGCCGGCATATCCGAT - 3' b. 5' - CCGCGCGATCGGCGCGT - 3' c. 5' - AATGAGGCCAATTGACA - 3' d. 5' - CCACCAGGCACAGCCGA - 3' e. 5' - AAATTGATATATAGGCA - 3'arrow_forwardWhy do you think it is important that the sugar-phosphate backbone of DNA be held together by covalent bonds while the two strands of double stranded DNA are held together by hydrogen bonds?arrow_forwardUsing your own words and including the phrases “5’ to 3’” and “3’ to 5’” explain how a double helix of DNA is antiparallel.arrow_forward
- The two strands of a DNA double helix can be separated by heating. if you raised the temperature of a solution containing the following three DNA molecules, in what order do you suppose they would “melt”? explain your answer.A. 5’-GCGGGCCAGCCCGAGTGGGTAGCCCAGG-3’ 3’-CGCCCGGTCGGGCTCACCCATCGGGTCC-5’ B. 5’-ATTATAAAATATTTAGATACTATATTTACAA-3’ 3’-TAATATTTTATAAATCTATGATATAAATGTT-5’C. 5’-AGAGCTAGATCGAT-3’ 3’-TCTCGATCTAGCTA-5’arrow_forwardHow did Griffiths and Avery discover that DNA was the molecule of heredity? Would we have been able to discover the structure of DNA without this work? Why or why not? Would we have been able to understand or actually try to understand DNA replication without his work? Why or why not?arrow_forwardDNA, the carrier of genetic information in living things, has been used in criminal justice for decades. But how, exactly, does DNA profiling work? Given a sequence of DNA, how can forensic investigators identify to whom it belongs? Well, DNA is really just a sequence of molecules called nucleotides, arranged into a particular shape (a double helix). Each nucleotide of DNA contains one of four different bases: adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G), or thymine (T). Every human cell has billions of these nucleotides arranged in sequence. Some portions of this sequence (i.e. genome) are the same, or at least very similar, across almost all humans, but other portions of the sequence have a higher genetic diversity and thus vary more across the population. One place where DNA tends to have high genetic diversity is in Short Tandem Repeats (STRs). An STR is a short sequence of DNA bases that tends to be repeated back-to-back numerous times at specific locations in DNA. The number of times…arrow_forward
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