Biological Science (6th Edition)
6th Edition
ISBN: 9780321976499
Author: Scott Freeman, Kim Quillin, Lizabeth Allison, Michael Black, Emily Taylor, Greg Podgorski, Jeff Carmichael
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 4, Problem 15PIAT
Summary Introduction
To review:
The Chargaff’s observations helped Watson and Crick to propose the complementary base pairing in double-stranded DNA model. The similar ratios of
Introduction:
Watson and Crick used Chargaff’s data of 1:1 between adenine:thymine (A:T) and guanine:cytosine (G:C) to establish the concept of complementary base pairing by DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) double-helix model.
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Watson and Crick used an approach called model building to deduce the structure of the DNA double helix.How does this differ from the more conventional experimental approach that is undertaken in a research laboratory? In this regard, why was the experiment of Meselsonand Stahl considered to be of such critical importance?
While trying to determine the structure of DNA, Watson and Crick at one point proposed that like bases are bonded to like bases. For example, thymine would be bonded to thymine, cytosine would be bonded to cytosine, and so on. Explain why this proposed model would not fit based on what was discovered to be true about DNA.
In a DNA Double helix ,why doesn't an A or T form two hydrogen bonds(out of the three possible) with G or C? Explain in detail.
Chapter 4 Solutions
Biological Science (6th Edition)
Ch. 4 - What are the four nitrogenous bases found in RNA?...Ch. 4 - 2. What determines the primary structure of a DNA...Ch. 4 - 3. Which of the following describes the synthesis...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4TYKCh. 4 - Prob. 5TYUCh. 4 - Prob. 6TYUCh. 4 - What would be the sequence of the strand of DNA...Ch. 4 - 8. According to the RNA world model, a ribozyme...Ch. 4 - Make a concept map (see BioSkills 12 ) that...Ch. 4 - Prob. 10TYPSS
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- DNA contains many hydrogen bonds. Are hydrogen bonds stronger or weaker than covalent bonds? What are the consequences of this difference in strength?arrow_forwardTo create a DNA:RNA hybrid from a short stretch of DNA with the sequence 5'-GGCTAAGTATGCCTAGTAGC-3', design the corresponding RNA sequence. Indicate the sequence in a 5' to 3' manner. What type of helix (A, B or Z) will this double-stranded nucleic acid form?arrow_forwardWhich of the following statements DOES NOT apply to the Watson and Crick model of DNA? a. The two strands of the DNA helix are anti-parallel. b. The distance between the strands of the helix is 20 angstroms (A). c. The framework of the helix consists of sugar-phosphate units of the nucleotides. d. The two strands of the helix are held together by covalent bonds. e. The purines are attracted to the pyrimidines. ...Explain your answer.arrow_forward
- What if the DNA is not a double helix, what is its implication? Explain and give example.arrow_forwardDraw the structure of deoxyribose and number the carbon atoms.Describe the numbering of the carbon atoms in deoxyribose withregard to the directionality of a DNA strand. In a DNA doublehelix, what does the term antiparallel mean?arrow_forwardLet’s assume the linker region of DNA averages 54 bp in length. How many molecules of H2A would you expect to find in a DNA sample that is 46,000 bp in length?arrow_forward
- State the properties of the Watson-Crick model of DNA in the following categories: a) number of polynucleotide chains b) polarity (strand direction running same or opposite c) bases on interior or exterior of molecule d) sugar/phosphate on interior or exterior of molecule e) which bases pair with which f) right- or left-handed helixarrow_forwardWhich positions in the purine ring of a purine nucleotide in DNAhave the potential to form hydrogen bonds but are not involved in Watson-Crick base pairing?arrow_forwardWhen DNA is heated, it denatures; that is, the strands separate because hydrogen bonds are broken and some base-stacking and hydrophobic interactions are disrupted. The higher the temperature, the larger the number of hydrogen bonds that are broken. After reviewing DNA base pair structure, determine which of the following molecules will denature first as the temperature is raised. Explain your reasoning. a. 5′-GCATTTCGGCGCGTTA-3′ 3′-CGTAAAGCCGCGCAAT-5′ b. 5′-ATTGCGCTTATATGCT-3′ 3′-TAACGCGAATATACGA-5′arrow_forward
- In 1953, Watson and Crick discovered the structure of DNADNA by examining data from many different experiments. How did using Chargaff’s data help Watson and Crick determine the structure of DNADNA?arrow_forwardWhich complementary base pair, G-C or A-T, would be hardest to break apart when a double-strandedDNA helix unwinds during cellular processes?arrow_forwardIn proteins, a peptide read from the N terminal to the C terminal. Is there a kind of direction in DNA/RNA as well? Briefly explain. What does Chargaff’s rules mean? Who proposed DNA was a double helix? In what decade? If one DNA single strand has the sequence 5’-AATGCAA-3’, what is the sequence of its complementary strand? When DNA replicates, how is it able to “unwind” its double helix?arrow_forward
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