ND STONY BROOK UNIVERSITY LOOSELEAF GENETICS: FROM GENES TO GENOMES
6th Edition
ISBN: 9781260406092
Author: HARTWELL, Leland, HOOD, Leroy, Goldberg, Michael
Publisher: Mcgraw-hill Education/stony Brook University
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Textbook Question
Chapter 4, Problem 15P
One of the first microscopic observations of chromosomes in cell division was published in 1905 by Nettie Stevens. Because it was hard to reproduce photographs at the time, she recorded these observations as camera lucida sketches. One such drawing, of a completely normal cell division in the mealworm Tenebrio molitor, is shown here. The techniques of the time were relatively unsophisticated by today’s standards, and they did not allow her to resolve chromosomal structures that must have been present.
a. | Describe in as much detail as possible the kind of cell division and the stage of division depicted in the drawing. |
b. | What chromosomal structure(s) cannot be resolved in the drawing? |
c. | How many chromosomes are present in normal Tenebrio molitor gametes? |
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1) Examine the picture of an onion root tip with cells in various stages of the cell cycle. A student claims that interphase is the longest stage of the cell cycle. Another student claims that mitosis is the longest stage. Using evidence from the photo, determine which student is correct and why.
A) Mitosis is the longest stage because anaphase requires more time to separate chromatids.
B) Interphase is the longest stage because chromosomes are visible in the majority of the cells.
C) Mitosis is the longest stage because the majority of the cells in the photo are replicating their DNA.
D) Interphase is the longest stage because the majority of the cells in the photo have uncondensed chromatin and are not dividing.
Not Graded
Why do eukaryotic cells need to go through the elaborate procedure of mitosis rather than simply dividing during interphase? Select as many answers as apply.
1.Daughter cells must be genetically identical to the mother cell, for homeostasis and ordered tissue growth.
2.Bivalent chromosomes must condense and be separated in an orderly fashion, to allow equal distribution of copies into daughter cells
3.Physically dividing the nucleus during interphase would likely lead to gross chromosome breakage and highly unequal assortment of genetic information into daughter cells.
4.Dividing the nucleus during interphase would have the same outcome as mitosis
5.Daughter cells must have half the number of chromosomes after mitosis than the mother cells
6.The homologous pairs of chromosomes need to be separated, to ensure copies go to the daughter cells.
In order to investigate the cell cycle in HEK293 cells in culture, I ran a flow cytometry experiment. I labeled their nuclei with DAPI to analyze DNA content. In these flow cytometry plots below, label the two main phases of the cell cycle that you can see. Briefly, explain your answer.
Chapter 4 Solutions
ND STONY BROOK UNIVERSITY LOOSELEAF GENETICS: FROM GENES TO GENOMES
Ch. 4 - Choose the best matching phrase in the right...Ch. 4 - Humans have 46 chromosomes in each somatic cell....Ch. 4 - The figure that follows shows the metaphase...Ch. 4 - Human XX males who are sex-reversed because they...Ch. 4 - Researchers discovered recently that the sole...Ch. 4 - One oak tree cell with 14 chromosomes undergoes...Ch. 4 - Indicate which of the cells numbered iv matches...Ch. 4 - a. What are the four major stages of the cell...Ch. 4 - Answer the questions that follow for each stage of...Ch. 4 - Can you think of anything that would prevent...
Ch. 4 - One oak tree cell with 14 chromosomes undergoes...Ch. 4 - Which types of cell division mitosis, meiosis I,...Ch. 4 - Complete the following statements using as many of...Ch. 4 - The five cells shown in figure a e are all from...Ch. 4 - One of the first microscopic observations of...Ch. 4 - A person is simultaneously heterozygous for two...Ch. 4 - Assuming i that the two chromosomes in every...Ch. 4 - In the moss Polytrichum commune, the haploid...Ch. 4 - Can you think of anything that would prevent...Ch. 4 - Sister chromatids are held together through...Ch. 4 - The pseudoautosomal regions PARs of the X and Y...Ch. 4 - Remarkably, the platypus has 10 sex chromosomes,...Ch. 4 - Somatic cells of chimpanzees contain 48...Ch. 4 - In humans: a. How many sperm develop from 100...Ch. 4 - Women sometimes develop benign tumors called...Ch. 4 - In a certain strain of turkeys, unfertilized eggs...Ch. 4 - Imagine you have two pure-breeding lines of...Ch. 4 - A system of sex determination known as...Ch. 4 - In Drosophila, the autosomal recessive brown eye...Ch. 4 - Barred feather pattern is a Z-linked dominant...Ch. 4 - When Calvin Bridges observed a large number of...Ch. 4 - In a vial of Drosophila, a research student...Ch. 4 - In 1919, Calvin Bridges began studying an X-linked...Ch. 4 - In Drosophila, a cross was made between a...Ch. 4 - As we learned in this chapter, the white mutation...Ch. 4 - The following is a pedigree of a family in which a...Ch. 4 - Each of the four pedigrees that follow represents...Ch. 4 - The pedigree that follows indicates the occurrence...Ch. 4 - Duchenne muscular dystrophy DMD is caused by a...Ch. 4 - The X-linked gene responsible for DMD encodes a...Ch. 4 - Males have hemophilia when they are hemizygous for...Ch. 4 - In the Fast Forward Box Visualizing X Chromosome...Ch. 4 - Consider the following pedigrees from human...Ch. 4 - Several different antigens can be detected in...Ch. 4 - The ancestry of a white female tiger bred in a...Ch. 4 - The pedigree that follows shows the inheritance of...Ch. 4 - In 1995, doctors reported a Chinese family in...Ch. 4 - In cats, the dominant O allele of the X-linked...Ch. 4 - In marsupials like the opposum or kangaroo, X...Ch. 4 - The pedigree diagram below shows a family in which...
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Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- You are looking at a spread of cells in some unknown stage of cell division, and you discover that there are seven chromosomes (3 metacentric, 3 telocentric, and 1 acrocentric) visible in each dividing cell. What type of nuclear division have you identified, and what conclusions can be drawn about the number of chromosomes that make-up the species?arrow_forwardIf a cell that had two copies of each chromosome, but problems with the spindle caused the sister chromatids to remain attached to each other and to only one spindle pole, what cells would result? a) cells with 2 copies of each chromosome and 2 copies of each chromosome b) cells with 3 copies of each chromosome and 1 copy of each chromosome c) cells with 6 copies of each chromosome and 2 copies of each chromosome d) cells with 4 copies of each chromosome and 0 copies of each chromosome e) cells with 1 copy of each chromosome and 1 copy of each chromosomearrow_forwardDraw a diagram of the cell cycle and label the phases. On your diagram: a) For each phase, indicate whether the chromosomes are condensed or not. b) Indicate the phase(s) when it is possible to do a karyotype c) Indicate the phase-transition(s) where the cell would arrest if you add hydroxyurea.arrow_forward
- 4) What is occurring during the Anaphase stage of mitosis, such as is shown in the figure to the right? A) The DNA is being replicated. B) The homologous chromosomes are separating. C) Sister chromatids are being pulled to opposite poles. D) A cleavage furrow is forming to divide the cell. Inid parents made gametes usingarrow_forwardThe following pairs of term differentiate mitosis from meiosis. Describe the pair of terms briefly. 1. Somatic cells vs. sex cells 2. Haploid cells vs. Diploid cells 3. Homologous chromosomes vs. Sister chromatids 4. Daughter cells vs. 2 daughter cells 5. 2n = 6 vs n = 3arrow_forwardConsider the figure below showing how the concentration of four cyclins (comp A to comp D) vary throughout the cell cycle. Comp B Comp C Comp D Comp A G1 Phase S Phase G2 Phase Mitosis i) Why does the concentration of different cyclins vary throughout the cell cycle? ií) which of the four cyclins shown represents the G1 cyclin? What is the function of this cyclin? Concentrationarrow_forward
- 3) Examine the graph showing the relative percentage normal and cancer cells spend in various stages of the cell cycle. Based on the information in the graphs, infer how cancer cells differ from typical, noncancerous cells. Select ALL that apply. A) Cancer cells do not replicate their DNA. B) Cancer cells replicate their DNA too quickly. C) Cancer cells do not go through interphase during their cell cycle. D) Cancer cells spend more time dividing compared to typical cells. E) Cancer cells do not always grow to the same size as typical cells. more than 1 answer. not gradedarrow_forwardWhich of the following statements are true regarding mitosis in humans? 23 pairs of homologous chromosomes are separated four haploid gametes are produced in males 46 pairs of homologous chromosomes are separated two genetically identical daughter cells are produced 23 pairs of sister chromatids are separated 46pairs of sister chromatids are separated 1 haploid gamete and 2 polar bodies are produced in femalesarrow_forwardThe figure above shows a metaphase in which one chromosome is only connected to the spindle by a single kinetochore, thus the sister chromatids may not separate correctly during anaphase. which of the following statement/s is/are correct;arrow_forward
- A cell in G1 of interphase has 8 chromatins. How many chromosomes and how many DNA molecules will be found per cell as this cell progresses through the following stages: a) metaphase b) anaphase c) after cytokinesis in mitosis d) metaphase I e) anaphase I f) metaphase II g) anaphase II h) after cytokinesis of meiosis IIarrow_forwardA scientist collects cells at various points in the cell cycle and isolates DNA from them. Using density-gradient centrifugation, she separates the nuclear DNA and mtDNA. She then measures the amounts of mtDNA and nuclear DNA present at different points in the cell cycle. On the following graph, draw a line to represent the relative amounts of nuclear DNA that you expect her to find per cell throughout the cell cycle. Then, draw a dotted line on the same graph to indicate the relative amounts of mtDNA that you would expect to see at different points throughout the cell cycle.arrow_forwarda) Fluorescent probes such as DAPI are often used tostudy cells that are in the different phases of cell cycle.DAPI is a fluorescent stain that binds to DNA. The graphshows the variation in fluorescence intensity of humanskin cells that were sorted by FACs into 2 populationsbased on the amount of fluorescence.Which phase(s) of the cell cycle are population A in?Population B? Why did you pick those phases?arrow_forward
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Cell Division - Mitosis and Meiosis - GCSE Biology (9-1); Author: Mr Exham Biology;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w7vp_uRA8kw;License: Standard YouTube License, CC-BY