Microbiology: A Systems Approach
5th Edition
ISBN: 9781259706615
Author: Marjorie Kelly Cowan Professor
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Textbook Question
Chapter 4, Problem 2CTQ
Quorum sensing is a process used by many bacteria for communication. It involves the production of molecules called autoinducers, which act as bacterial chemoattractants. Describe how a motile bacterium would use its flagellum to respond to such a stimulus in its environment.
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Students have asked these similar questions
Prokaryotes can move in response to many stimuli in their external environment. The response of a bacterial cell to chemical cues is best defined as .
Group of answer choices
Chemotaxis
Gravitaxis
Phototaxis
Magnetotaxis
How does the shape of a bacteria cell affect the bacteria’s survival in the environment?
To answer this question:
Calculate the surface-to-volume ratio of a coccus, assuming it is a perfect sphere.
Where radius (r) = 0.91 μm.
surface-to-volume ratio of a coccus = ________________
Calculate the surface-to-volume ratio of a bacillus, assuming it is a cylinder.
Where r = 0.5 μm and height (h) = 4 μm
surface-to-volume ratio of a bacillus = _________________________
The values provided for the radius of the coccus and the radius and height for the bacillus will give approximately the same volume for the coccus and the bacillus. However, the surface area will differ. Now compare the surface-to-volume ratio of a coccus to a bacillus calculated with these values.
Which has the higher surface area for the same amount of volume?
Considering the coccus and bacillus of equal volume from the question above,
Which is more likely to survive in a dry environment? Explain your answer.…
Select a statement that is not correct about bacterial fimbriae?
A.
they protect the cell from dehydration
B.
they are called attachment pili to distinguish them from the pili used to transfer DNA during conjugation
C.
they are used to attach the cell to its substrate or to other prokaryote
D.
they are hair-like projections that aid in attachment.
Chapter 4 Solutions
Microbiology: A Systems Approach
Ch. 4.1 - List the structures all bacteria possess.Ch. 4.1 - Identify at least four structures that some, but...Ch. 4.1 - Prob. 3AYPCh. 4.1 - Prob. 4AYPCh. 4.1 - Provide at least four terms to describe bacterial...Ch. 4.2 - Describe the structure and function of five...Ch. 4.2 - Prob. 7AYPCh. 4.3 - Prob. 8AYPCh. 4.3 - Prob. 9AYPCh. 4.3 - Prob. 10AYP
Ch. 4.4 - Prob. 11AYPCh. 4.4 - Prob. 12AYPCh. 4.5 - List some differences between archaea and...Ch. 4.6 - Differentiate between Bergeys Manual of Systematic...Ch. 4.6 - Prob. 15AYPCh. 4.6 - Define a species in terms of bacteria.Ch. 4 - Which of the following is not found in all...Ch. 4 - Pili are tubular shafts in ____ bacteria that...Ch. 4 - Prob. 3MCQCh. 4 - Which of the following is a primary bacterial cell...Ch. 4 - Which of the following is present in both...Ch. 4 - Darkly stained granules are concentrated crystals...Ch. 4 - Bacterial endospores usually function in a....Ch. 4 - A bacterial arrangement in packets of eight cells...Ch. 4 - Prob. 9MCQCh. 4 - Prob. 10MCQCh. 4 - Prob. 11TFCh. 4 - A research microbiologist looking at evolutionary...Ch. 4 - Nanobes may or may not actually be bacteria.Ch. 4 - Both bacteria and archaea used to be known as...Ch. 4 - Prob. 15TFCh. 4 - Define the term ubiquitous and explain whether...Ch. 4 - Quorum sensing is a process used by many bacteria...Ch. 4 - Based upon your knowledge of cell wall structure,...Ch. 4 - Provide evidence in support of or refuting the...Ch. 4 - a.Describe the characteristics of an...Ch. 4 - Prob. 1VCCh. 4 - From chapter 1, figure 1.14. Study this figure....Ch. 4 - Prob. 1CM
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- Which of the following statements is a reason why Acid-Fast Bacteria resist the Gram stain a) Because their cell wall architecture varies from both gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. b) Because they lack the peptidoglycan layer. c) Because they have a thick peptidoglycan layer. d) Because they have a thick layer of fatty acids.arrow_forwardBacterial growth depends on many environmental factors, including the temperature of the environment. Since microbes can survive in a certain range of temperatures and will thrive at a temperature, understanding these variables allows for control of their growth. This understanding can be used, for example, to preserve certain foods or to treat infections. This lab simulation will use an instrument called a spectrophotometer. This instrument quantitatively measures the amount of light that is absorbed or transmitted by molecules in solution a) In your own words give an introduction to the microbial growth and the effect tempature has. b) In your own words explain the importance of the spectrophotometer in regards to microbial growth. c) In your own words give a hypothesis on how bacteria will react to different temperatures.arrow_forwardA bacterium has the following characteristics:∙ It adheres to the human intestinal lining using a feature that protects it from phagocytes, bacteriophages, and dehydration∙ It can survive being boiled∙ It contains no plasmids and relatively little peptidoglycanWhich of the following characteristics allows this bacterium to adhere to the intestinal lining? Group of answer choices A. fimbriae B. pili C. an endospore D. a flagellumarrow_forward
- Bacteria have three major methods of resisting antibiotics. They may lack (or modify) the feature that the antibiotic targets, so that the drug has little or no effect. The may have an enzyme that helps them break down and inactivate the antibiotic. They may have efflux pumps that remove the drug from the cell. Which method of resistance are Gram-negatives particularly famous for? Group of answer choices target modification enzymatic breakdown horizontal transfer efflux pumpsarrow_forwardWhy do low concentrations of alcohol inhibit Gram-negative bacteria more than Gram-positive bacteria? Explain how the alcohol interacts with: 1) Gram-negative cell wall structures 2) Gram-positive cell wall structuresarrow_forwardWhy might bacteria use quorum sensing to regulate genes needed for virulence? How might this reason be related to the rationale behind using quorum sensing to establish a symbiotic relationship?arrow_forward
- Citing the data from your results table tell which antibiotic is the most effective against this type of bacterium. Citing the data from the results table tell which antibiotic is the least effective against this type of bacterium. Explain how you determined the level of effectiveness. Describe what the Petri dish looked like. Hint(the most effective antibiotic has a larger clear area around the antibiotic disk. The least effective antibiotic has a smaller clear area around the antibiotic disk.arrow_forwardDescribe the structure of the cell wall of a Gram-negative and a Gram-positive bacterium, respectively each cell wall also specify two cell wall components that can be recognized by the constitutive the immune systemarrow_forwardYou have a mixed culture of 2 different bacterial species. One of the species is Gram negative bacilli and the other species is Gram positive cocci. You have noticed that one species is killed by penicillin antibiotics (attacks peptidoglycan) while the other survives. Neither species has antibiotic resistance genes. How can you explain this result? Remember to make direct reference to each bacterial species in your responsearrow_forward
- Some bacteria have a tube which allows materials to move directly into or out of the cytoplasm. This tube is called a ___. cilium flagellum genera pilusarrow_forwardOxidase positive, Gram negative, short rod organisms which produce green to yellow-green water soluble fluorescent pigments belong to the genus.... Group of answer choices Pseudomonas Escherichia Alcaligenes Burkholderiaarrow_forwardA drug that inhibits mitosis would be more effective against wall-less bacteria. gram-positive bacteria. fungi. mycobacteria. gram-negative bacteria. explain answerarrow_forward
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