Chapter 4, Problem 4.30EP

Fill in the blanks in each line of the following table. The first line is already completed as an example.

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Filling of each blank in the following table has to be done:

  $\begin{array}{ccccc}\text{a)}& \begin{array}{l}\text{Chemical}\\ \text{symbol}\end{array}& \begin{array}{l}\text{Ion}\\ \text{formed}\end{array}& \begin{array}{l}\text{Number of }\\ \text{electrons in ion}\end{array}& \begin{array}{l}\text{Number of }\\ \text{protons in ion}\end{array}\\ & \text{K}& & \text{18}& \end{array}$

Concept Introduction:

Atoms are composed of three types of particles called subatomic particles.  They are as follows:

• Protons: Positively charged particles in an atom.
• Neutrons: Neutral charged particles in an atom.
• Electrons: Negatively charged particles in an atom.

The neutral atom has equal number of protons and electrons.  Gaining or loosing of electrons of an atom forms ion.

Negative charged ions are formed by gaining one or more electrons and it has more electrons than protons.

Positive charged ions are formed by losing one or more electrons and it has more protons than electrons.

Answer to Problem 4.30EP

Complete table is shown below:

  $\begin{array}{ccccc}\text{a)}& \begin{array}{l}\text{Chemical}\\ \text{symbol}\end{array}& \begin{array}{l}\text{Ion}\\ \text{formed}\end{array}& \begin{array}{l}\text{Number of }\\ \text{electrons in ion}\end{array}& \begin{array}{l}\text{Number of }\\ \text{protons in ion}\end{array}\\ & \text{K}& {\text{K}}^{\text{+}}& \text{18}& \text{19}\end{array}$

Explanation of Solution

The chemical symbol of the potassium element is $\text{K}$.  Potassium atomic number is $\text{19}$ thus the number of protons is $\text{19}$.

One electron is lesser than the number protons means it lost one electron and the charge of the potassium ion is ${\text{K}}^{\text{+}}$.

Hence, the symbol of potassium ion ${\text{K}}^{\text{+}}$ it has $\text{19}$ protons, $\text{18}$ electrons and lost one electron.

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Filling of each blank in the following table has to be done:

  $\begin{array}{ccccc}\text{b)}& \begin{array}{l}\text{Chemical}\\ \text{symbol}\end{array}& \begin{array}{l}\text{Ion}\\ \text{formed}\end{array}& \begin{array}{l}\text{Number of }\\ \text{electrons in ion}\end{array}& \begin{array}{l}\text{Number of }\\ \text{protons in ion}\end{array}\\ & & & 36& 34\end{array}$

Concept Introduction:

Atoms are composed of three types of particles called subatomic particles.  They are as follows:

• Protons: Positively charged particles in an atom.
• Neutrons: Neutral charged particles in an atom.
• Electrons: Negatively charged particles in an atom.

The neutral atom has equal number of protons and electrons.  Gaining or loosing of electrons of an atom forms ion.

Negative charged ions are formed by gaining one or more electrons and it has more electrons than protons.

Positive charged ions are formed by losing one or more electrons and it has more protons than electrons.

Answer to Problem 4.30EP

Complete table is shown below:

  $\begin{array}{ccccc}\text{b)}& \begin{array}{l}\text{Chemical}\\ \text{symbol}\end{array}& \begin{array}{l}\text{Ion}\\ \text{formed}\end{array}& \begin{array}{l}\text{Number of }\\ \text{electrons in ion}\end{array}& \begin{array}{l}\text{Number of }\\ \text{protons in ion}\end{array}\\ & \text{Se}& {\text{Se}}^{\text{2-}}& \text{36}& \text{34}\end{array}$

Explanation of Solution

The element has $\text{34}$ protons thus the element is Selenium the chemical symbol is $\text{Se}$.  Two protons are lesser than the number of electrons means it gains two electrons.  The symbol of the selenium ion is ${\text{Se}}^{2-}$.

Hence, the number of protons are $\text{34}$, number of electrons is $\text{36}$, gain two electrons and the symbol of the selenium ion is ${\text{Se}}^{2-}$.

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Filling of each blank in the following table has to be done:

  $\begin{array}{ccccc}\text{c)}& \begin{array}{l}\text{Chemical}\\ \text{symbol}\end{array}& \begin{array}{l}\text{Ion}\\ \text{formed}\end{array}& \begin{array}{l}\text{Number of }\\ \text{electrons in ion}\end{array}& \begin{array}{l}\text{Number of }\\ \text{protons in ion}\end{array}\\ & & {\text{P}}^{\text{3-}}& & \text{15}\end{array}$

Concept Introduction:

Atoms are composed of three types of particles called subatomic particles.  They are as follows:

• Protons: Positively charged particles in an atom.
• Neutrons: Neutral charged particles in an atom.
• Electrons: Negatively charged particles in an atom.

The neutral atom has equal number of protons and electrons.  Gaining or loosing of electrons of an atom forms ion.

Negative charged ions are formed by gaining one or more electrons and it has more electrons than protons.

Positive charged ions are formed by losing one or more electrons and it has more protons than electrons.

Answer to Problem 4.30EP

Complete table is shown below:

  $\begin{array}{ccccc}\text{c)}& \begin{array}{l}\text{Chemical}\\ \text{symbol}\end{array}& \begin{array}{l}\text{Ion}\\ \text{formed}\end{array}& \begin{array}{l}\text{Number of }\\ \text{electrons in ion}\end{array}& \begin{array}{l}\text{Number of }\\ \text{protons in ion}\end{array}\\ & \text{P}& {\text{P}}^{\text{3-}}& \text{18}& \text{15}\end{array}$

Explanation of Solution

The ion ${\text{P}}^{\text{3-}}$ has $\text{15}$ protons.  The number of protons in phosphorus ion is $\text{15}$.  The chemical symbol of phosphorus is $\text{P}$.

  $\begin{array}{c}\text{Number of electrons = Number of protons + gained electrons}\\ \text{=15+3 = 18}\end{array}$

Hence, ion ${\text{P}}^{\text{3-}}$ has $\text{15}$ protons, $\text{18}$ electrons, gain three electrons and the chemical symbol of phosphorous element is $\text{P}$.

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Filling of each blank in the following table has to be done:

  $\begin{array}{ccccc}\text{d)}& \begin{array}{l}\text{Chemical}\\ \text{symbol}\end{array}& \begin{array}{l}\text{Ion}\\ \text{formed}\end{array}& \begin{array}{l}\text{Number of }\\ \text{electrons in ion}\end{array}& \begin{array}{l}\text{Number of }\\ \text{protons in ion}\end{array}\\ & & {\text{O}}^{\text{2-}}& & \end{array}$

Concept Introduction:

Atoms are composed of three types of particles called subatomic particles.  They are as follows:

• Protons: Positively charged particles in an atom.
• Neutrons: Neutral charged particles in an atom.
• Electrons: Negatively charged particles in an atom.

The neutral atom has equal number of protons and electrons.  Gaining or loosing of electrons of an atom forms ion.

Negative charged ions are formed by gaining one or more electrons and it has more electrons than protons.

Positive charged ions are formed by losing one or more electrons and it has more protons than electrons.

Answer to Problem 4.30EP

Complete table is shown below:

  $\begin{array}{ccccc}\text{d)}& \begin{array}{l}\text{Chemical}\\ \text{symbol}\end{array}& \begin{array}{l}\text{Ion}\\ \text{formed}\end{array}& \begin{array}{l}\text{Number of }\\ \text{electrons in ion}\end{array}& \begin{array}{l}\text{Number of }\\ \text{protons in ion}\end{array}\\ & \text{O}& {\text{O}}^{\text{2-}}& \text{10}& \text{8}\end{array}$

Explanation of Solution

The given ion is ${\text{O}}^{\text{2-}}$.  The chemical symbol of oxygen atom is $\text{O}$.  Atomic number of oxygen atom is $\text{8}$ thus the number protons are $\text{8}$.

The charge of oxygen atom is $\text{2-}$ means it gains two electrons.  So, the total number of electrons in oxygen ion is $\text{(8 + 2 =10)}$.

Hence, ion is ${\text{O}}^{\text{2-}}$, it has  $\text{8}$ protons, $\text{10}$ electrons, gain two electrons and the chemical symbol of oxygen element is $\text{O}$.