The initiation and propagation steps that account for the given reaction. Interpretation: The initiation and propagation steps that account for the given reaction is to predicted. Concept introduction: The chemical reaction which proceeds through the formation of radicals is known as chain reaction. It involves three steps, initiation, propagation and termination. The initiation step occurs in the presence of light. The quantum yield of chain reactions is very high.

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 4, Problem 4.55SP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

To determine: The initiation and propagation steps that account for the given reaction.

Interpretation: The initiation and propagation steps that account for the given reaction is to predicted.

Concept introduction: The chemical reaction which proceeds through the formation of radicals is known as chain reaction. It involves three steps, initiation, propagation and termination. The initiation step occurs in the presence of light. The quantum yield of chain reactions is very high.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

To determine: The value of ΔH for the proposed steps to show that they are energetically feasible.

Interpretation: The value of ΔH for the proposed steps is to be calculated to show that they are energetically feasible.

Concept introduction: The chemical reaction which proceeds through the formation of radicals is known as chain reaction. It involves three steps, initiation, propagation and termination. The initiation step occurs in the presence of light. The quantum yield of chain reactions is very high.

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As we will learn in Section 13.12, many antioxidants–compounds that prevent unwanted radical oxidation reactions from occurring–are phenols, compounds that contain an OH group bonded directly to a benzene ring. a. Explain why homolysis of the O–H bond in phenol requires considerably less energy than homolysis of the O–H bond in ethanol (362 kJ/mol vs. 438 kJ/mol). b.Why is the C–O bond in phenol shorter than the C–O bond in ethanol?

As we will learn in Section 15.12, many antioxidants-compounds that prevent unwanted radical oxidation reactions from occurring-are phenols, compounds that contain an OH group bonded directly to a benzene ring. a. Explain why homolysis of the O-H bond in phenol requires considerably less energy than homolysis of the O-H bond in ethanol (362 kJ/mol vs. 438 kJ/mol). b. Why is the C-O bond in phenol shorter than the C-O bond in ethanol? -O-H CH,CH2-0-H phenol ethanol

Compounds containing a phenol group may work as ANTIOXIDANTS to prevent free radical damage. This is accomplished when a free radical (or UV light) encounters a phenol group, turning the phenol group into a radical. However, contrary to typical radical behavior, the structure of the phenol radical can neutralize (or quench) the unpaired electron. Specifically, the phenol structure neutralizes (or quenches) the unpaired radical electron by doing the following: taking the electron and The correct name (or abbreviation) of an example compound (discussed in the lecture videos) containing a phenol group with antioxidant properties is:

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 4, Problem 4.55SP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

To determine: The initiation and propagation steps that account for the given reaction.

Interpretation: The initiation and propagation steps that account for the given reaction is to predicted.

Concept introduction: The chemical reaction which proceeds through the formation of radicals is known as chain reaction. It involves three steps, initiation, propagation and termination. The initiation step occurs in the presence of light. The quantum yield of chain reactions is very high.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

To determine: The value of ΔH for the proposed steps to show that they are energetically feasible.

Interpretation: The value of ΔH for the proposed steps is to be calculated to show that they are energetically feasible.

Concept introduction: The chemical reaction which proceeds through the formation of radicals is known as chain reaction. It involves three steps, initiation, propagation and termination. The initiation step occurs in the presence of light. The quantum yield of chain reactions is very high.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 4, Problem 4.55SP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

To determine: The initiation and propagation steps that account for the given reaction.

Interpretation: The initiation and propagation steps that account for the given reaction is to predicted.

Concept introduction: The chemical reaction which proceeds through the formation of radicals is known as chain reaction. It involves three steps, initiation, propagation and termination. The initiation step occurs in the presence of light. The quantum yield of chain reactions is very high.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

To determine: The value of ΔH for the proposed steps to show that they are energetically feasible.

Interpretation: The value of ΔH for the proposed steps is to be calculated to show that they are energetically feasible.

Concept introduction: The chemical reaction which proceeds through the formation of radicals is known as chain reaction. It involves three steps, initiation, propagation and termination. The initiation step occurs in the presence of light. The quantum yield of chain reactions is very high.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 4, Problem 4.55SP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

To determine: The initiation and propagation steps that account for the given reaction.

Interpretation: The initiation and propagation steps that account for the given reaction is to predicted.

Concept introduction: The chemical reaction which proceeds through the formation of radicals is known as chain reaction. It involves three steps, initiation, propagation and termination. The initiation step occurs in the presence of light. The quantum yield of chain reactions is very high.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

To determine: The value of ΔH for the proposed steps to show that they are energetically feasible.

Interpretation: The value of ΔH for the proposed steps is to be calculated to show that they are energetically feasible.

Concept introduction: The chemical reaction which proceeds through the formation of radicals is known as chain reaction. It involves three steps, initiation, propagation and termination. The initiation step occurs in the presence of light. The quantum yield of chain reactions is very high.

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Answer 5

Chapter 4, Problem 4.55SP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

To determine: The initiation and propagation steps that account for the given reaction.

Interpretation: The initiation and propagation steps that account for the given reaction is to predicted.

Concept introduction: The chemical reaction which proceeds through the formation of radicals is known as chain reaction. It involves three steps, initiation, propagation and termination. The initiation step occurs in the presence of light. The quantum yield of chain reactions is very high.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

To determine: The value of ΔH for the proposed steps to show that they are energetically feasible.

Interpretation: The value of ΔH for the proposed steps is to be calculated to show that they are energetically feasible.

Concept introduction: The chemical reaction which proceeds through the formation of radicals is known as chain reaction. It involves three steps, initiation, propagation and termination. The initiation step occurs in the presence of light. The quantum yield of chain reactions is very high.

Answer 6

Chapter 4, Problem 4.55SP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

To determine: The initiation and propagation steps that account for the given reaction.

Interpretation: The initiation and propagation steps that account for the given reaction is to predicted.

Concept introduction: The chemical reaction which proceeds through the formation of radicals is known as chain reaction. It involves three steps, initiation, propagation and termination. The initiation step occurs in the presence of light. The quantum yield of chain reactions is very high.

Answer 7

Chapter 4, Problem 4.55SP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

To determine: The initiation and propagation steps that account for the given reaction.

Interpretation: The initiation and propagation steps that account for the given reaction is to predicted.

Concept introduction: The chemical reaction which proceeds through the formation of radicals is known as chain reaction. It involves three steps, initiation, propagation and termination. The initiation step occurs in the presence of light. The quantum yield of chain reactions is very high.

Answer 8

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

To determine: The value of ΔH for the proposed steps to show that they are energetically feasible.

Interpretation: The value of ΔH for the proposed steps is to be calculated to show that they are energetically feasible.

Concept introduction: The chemical reaction which proceeds through the formation of radicals is known as chain reaction. It involves three steps, initiation, propagation and termination. The initiation step occurs in the presence of light. The quantum yield of chain reactions is very high.

Answer 9

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

To determine: The value of ΔH for the proposed steps to show that they are energetically feasible.

Interpretation: The value of ΔH for the proposed steps is to be calculated to show that they are energetically feasible.

Concept introduction: The chemical reaction which proceeds through the formation of radicals is known as chain reaction. It involves three steps, initiation, propagation and termination. The initiation step occurs in the presence of light. The quantum yield of chain reactions is very high.

Answer 10

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Answer 13

Ch. 4.3A - Draw Lewis structures for the following free...Ch. 4.3B - a. Write the propagation steps leading to the...Ch. 4.3C - Prob. 4.3P Ch. 4.3C - Prob. 4.4P Ch. 4.4 - The following reaction has a value of G =...Ch. 4.4 - Under base-catalyzed conditions two molecules of...Ch. 4.5B - When ethene is mixed with hydrogen in the presence...Ch. 4.5B - For each reaction, estimate whether S for the...Ch. 4.7 - a. Propose a mechanism for the free radical...Ch. 4.7 - a. Using bond-dissociation enthalpies from...

Solution Summary: The author explains that the initiation and propagation steps that account for the given reaction are to predicted.

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