Concept explainers
Compute the standard deviation for the pretest and posttest scores that were used in problems 2.6 and 3.12. The scores are reproduced here. Taking into account all of the information you have on these variables, write a paragraph describing how the sample changed from test to test. What does the standard deviation add to the information you already had?
Case | Pretest | Posttest |
A | 8 | 12 |
B | 7 | 13 |
C | 10 | 12 |
D | 15 | 19 |
E | 10 | 8 |
F | 10 | 17 |
G | 3 | 12 |
H | 10 | 11 |
I | 5 | 7 |
J | 15 | 12 |
K | 13 | 20 |
L | 4 | 5 |
M | 10 | 15 |
N | 8 | 11 |
O | 12 | 20 |
2.6
Case | Pretest | Posttest | Case | Pretest | Posttest |
A | 8 | 12 | I | 5 | 7 |
B | 7 | 13 | J | 15 | 12 |
C | 10 | 12 | K | 13 | 20 |
D | 15 | 19 | L | 4 | 5 |
E | 10 | 8 | M | 10 | 15 |
F | 10 | 17 | N | 8 | 11 |
G | 3 | 12 | O | 12 | 20 |
H | 10 | 11 |
3.12
Case | Pretest | Posttest |
A | 8 | 12 |
B | 7 | 13 |
C | 10 | 12 |
D | 15 | 19 |
E | 10 | 8 |
F | 10 | 17 |
G | 3 | 12 |
H | 10 | 11 |
I | 5 | 7 |
J | 15 | 12 |
K | 13 | 20 |
L | 4 | 5 |
M | 10 | 15 |
N | 8 | 11 |
O | 12 | 20 |
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