CONNECT IA GENERAL ORGANIC&BIO CHEMISTRY
4th Edition
ISBN: 9781260562620
Author: SMITH
Publisher: MCG
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Textbook Question
Chapter 4, Problem 75P
Convert each ball-and-stick model to a Lewis structure and include all nondonded electron pairs. (b) Labell all polar bonds. (c) Is the molecule polar or nonpolar?
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(a) Complete the Lewis structure for vinyl chloride by
showing all unshared pairs of electrons.
(b) Predict the H-C-H, H-C-C, and Cl-C-H
bond angles in this molecule.
(c) Does vinyl chloride have polar bonds? Is it a
polar molecule? Does it have a dipole?
3. The following are some molecules:H2, HF, CO2, H2O, Cl2, NH3, CH4, CHCl3
(a) Which of the above molecules do/does not contain polar bond? Explain your answer.
(b) Which covalent bond has the highest bond polarity among the eight molecules?
(c) (i) Which of the above molecules are non-polar molecules?
(ii) Explain why these molecules are non-polar. 4. (d) Draw a diagram to illustrate the formation of hydrogen bonds in H2O.
Consider lisinopril, a drug used primarily in the treatment of high blood pressure, heart failure, and after heart attacks.
(a) Complete the Lewis structure of lisinopril, showing all valence electrons.
(b) Use the valence-shell electron-pair repulsion (VSEPR) model (Section 3.10) to predict all bond angles in lisinopril.
(c) Which is the most polar bond in lisinopril?
(d) Is lisinopril polar or nonpolar?
(e) Is lisinopril expected to possess resonance (Section 3.9)? Explain why or why not.
(f) Name the various functional groups in lisinopril.
(g) What is the molecular formula of lisinopril?
(h) What intermolecular forces are expected to exist between molecules of lisinopril in close proximity to one another (Section 5.7)?
Chapter 4 Solutions
CONNECT IA GENERAL ORGANIC&BIO CHEMISTRY
Ch. 4.1 - Use electron-dot symbols to show how a hydrogen...Ch. 4.1 - Use electron-dot symbols to show how two chlorine...Ch. 4.1 - How many covalent bonds are predicted for each...Ch. 4.1 - Fill in the lone pairs on each atom to give every...Ch. 4.1 - Prob. 4.4PCh. 4.2 - Draw a Lewis structure for each covalent molecule....Ch. 4.2 - Draw a Lewis structure for dimethyl ether (C2H6O)...Ch. 4.2 - Prob. 4.4PPCh. 4.2 - Prob. 4.5PCh. 4.2 - Prob. 4.6P
Ch. 4.3 - Prob. 4.7PCh. 4.3 - Prob. 4.8PCh. 4.4 - Prob. 4.5PPCh. 4.4 - Draw resonance structures for each polyatomic...Ch. 4.4 - Nitrous oxide, N2O, is a sweet-smelling gas...Ch. 4.5 - Name each compound: (a) CS2; (b) SO2; (c) PCl5;...Ch. 4.5 - Prob. 4.6PPCh. 4.6 - What is the shape around the indicated atom in...Ch. 4.6 - NaNH2, sodium amid, is a salt that contains a...Ch. 4.6 - Prob. 4.13PCh. 4.7 - Using the trends in the periodic table, rank the...Ch. 4.7 - Use electronegativity values to classify the...Ch. 4.8 - Label the polar bonds in each molecule, and then...Ch. 4.9 - Label the polar bonds in each molecule, and then...Ch. 4.9 - Use the ball-and-stick model of dihydrocapsaicin...Ch. 4 - For each pair of compounds, classify the bonding...Ch. 4 - For each pair of compounds, classify the bonding...Ch. 4 - Prob. 17PCh. 4 - How many bonds and lone pairs are typically...Ch. 4 - Prob. 19PCh. 4 - Fill in the lone pairs needed to give the main...Ch. 4 - Prob. 21PCh. 4 - Convert the 3-D model of the general anesthetic...Ch. 4 - Draw a valid Lewis structure for each molecule. Hl...Ch. 4 - Draw a valid Lewis structure for each molecule....Ch. 4 - Prob. 25PCh. 4 - Prob. 26PCh. 4 - Draw a valid Lewis structure for...Ch. 4 - Draw a valid Lewis structure for phosgene, CCl2O ,...Ch. 4 - Draw a valid Lewis structure for each ion: (a)...Ch. 4 - Draw a valid Lewis structure for each ion: (a)...Ch. 4 - Prob. 31PCh. 4 - Keeping in mind that some elements violate the...Ch. 4 - Prob. 33PCh. 4 - Prob. 34PCh. 4 - Prob. 35PCh. 4 - Prob. 36PCh. 4 - Prob. 37PCh. 4 - Label each pair of compounds are resonance...Ch. 4 - Prob. 39PCh. 4 - Draw three resonance structures for the nitrate...Ch. 4 - Name each covalent compound. PBr3 SO3 NCl3 P2S5Ch. 4 - Name each covalent compound. SF6 CBr4 N2O P4O10Ch. 4 - Prob. 43PCh. 4 - Prob. 44PCh. 4 - Add lone pairs where needed to give octets and...Ch. 4 - Add lone pairs where needed to give octets and...Ch. 4 - Prob. 47PCh. 4 - Match each compound with one of the molecular...Ch. 4 - Prob. 49PCh. 4 - Add lone pairs where needed to give octets and...Ch. 4 - Prob. 51PCh. 4 - Considering each of the given ball-and stick...Ch. 4 - Prob. 53PCh. 4 - Prob. 54PCh. 4 - Prob. 55PCh. 4 - Predict the bond angles around the indicated atoms...Ch. 4 - Prob. 57PCh. 4 - Prob. 58PCh. 4 - Rank the atoms in each group in order of...Ch. 4 - Prob. 60PCh. 4 - Prob. 61PCh. 4 - Identify elements D, E, and F and rank them in...Ch. 4 - Prob. 63PCh. 4 - Using electronegativity values, classify the bond...Ch. 4 - Label the bond formed between carbon and each of...Ch. 4 - Label the bond formed between fluroine and each of...Ch. 4 - Which bond in each pair is more polar-that is, has...Ch. 4 - Which bond in each pair is more polar-that is, has...Ch. 4 - Prob. 69PCh. 4 - Prob. 70PCh. 4 - Label the polar bonds and then decide if each...Ch. 4 - Label the polar bonds and then decide if each...Ch. 4 - Prob. 73PCh. 4 - Explain why H2O is a polar molecule but H2S is...Ch. 4 - Convert each ball-and-stick model to a Lewis...Ch. 4 - Convert each ball-and-stick model to a Lewis...Ch. 4 - Answer the following questions about the molecule...Ch. 4 - Answer the following question about the molecule...Ch. 4 - Prob. 79PCh. 4 - Lactic acid gives sour milk its distinctive taste....Ch. 4 - Use the ball-and-stick model of zingerone, a...Ch. 4 - Prob. 82PCh. 4 - Prob. 83PCh. 4 - Prob. 84PCh. 4 - Isobutyl cyanoacrylate is used in medical glues to...Ch. 4 - Prob. 86PCh. 4 - Cyclopropane is a stable compound that contains...Ch. 4 - Prob. 88CPCh. 4 - Prob. 89CPCh. 4 - Prob. 90CP
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- hat does it mean to say that a bond is polar? Give two examples of molecules with polar bonds. Indicate in your examples the direction of the polarity.arrow_forwardConsider lisinopril, a drug used primarily in the treatment of high blood pressure, heart failure, and after heart attacks. (a) Complete the Lewis structure of lisinopril, showing all valence electrons. (b) Use the valence-shell electron-pair repulsion (VSEPR) model (Section 3.10) to predict all bond angles in lisinopril. (c) Which is the most polar bond in lisinopril? (d) Is lisinopril polar or nonpolar? (e) Is lisinopril expected to possess resonance (Section 3.9)? Explain why or why not. (f) Name the various functional groups in lisinopril. (g) What is the molecular formula of lisinopril? (h) What intermolecular forces are expected to exist between molecules of lisinopril in close proximity to one another (Section 5.7)?arrow_forwardAnswer true or false. (a) According to the Lewis model of bonding, atoms bond together in such a way that each atom par- ticipating in the bond acquires an outer-shell electron configuration matching that of the noble gas nearest to it in atomic number. (b) Atoms that lose electrons to achieve a filled valence shell become cations and form ionic bonds with anions. (c) Atoms that gain electrons to achieve filled valence shells become anions and form ionic bonds with cations. (d) Atoms that share electrons to achieve filled valence shells form covalent bonds. (e) Ionic bonds tend to form between elements on the left side of the Periodic Table, and covalent bonds tend to form between elements on the right side of the Periodic Table. (f) Ionic bonds tend to form between a metal and a nonmetal. (g) When two nonmetals combine, the bond between them is usually covalent. (h) Electronegativity is a measure of an atom’s attrac- tion for the electrons it shares in a chemical bond with another…arrow_forward
- Consider the theoretical molecule KrCl3‾. (a) Draw a valid Lewis structure for KrCl3‾. Show all lone pairs and use lines for bonds. Label all non-zeroformal charges on individual atoms and show the overall charge, if it exists, using square brackets.(b) What would you expect to be the molecular geometry for this ion? Fully explain your thought process,including all details about how successive lone pairs should be positioned within this electron geometry.(c) Draw this ion in 3-D, using hashed and wedged bonds as appropriate. Do not worry about labeling the overall or formal charge.arrow_forward3) For each of the compounds MgO, Br2 and HBr:(a) What are the two atoms that formed each molecule?(b) What is their electronegativity difference between the atoms in each molecule?(c) What type of bond is formed in each molecule?(d) Are the electrons shared or transferred between the atoms in each molecule?arrow_forwardBased on Linus Pauling's electronegativity scale, would H2S be considered a polar molecule? Pick the best answer. (a) No. It would technically be considered a non-polar molecule. (b) No. Even though it contains polar bonds they are symmetrical and therefore H2S is non-polar. (c) No. The electronegativity difference between H and S is so great that it would be considered an ionic compound. (d) H2S violates the octet rule and therefore would not even existarrow_forward
- 3. How many valence electrons are in a C atom? an Cl atom? (a) Write the full Lewis structure for the CH2C2 molecule. Show all lone pairs. Pert (b) Write the geometric structure for the CH2CI2 molecule and name the geometry. (c) Determine if the CH2CI2 molecule has polar or nonpolar bonds using the following electronegativity: C = 2.5, H = 2.1, CI = 3.0. Re-draw the geometric structure below, but this time include partial charges and dipole arrows for any polar bonds present. Justify your assignments for polar or nonpolar bonds.arrow_forward3. Consider the four compounds BB33, CB14, NB13, and Br,O. Use periodic trends in bond lengths and the electronegativity table in Chang to answer the following questions: (a) Which molecule is expected to have the longest bonds? (b) Which molecule is expected to have the most polar bonds? (c) Which molecule is expected to have the least polar bonds?arrow_forwardDraw the VSEPR sketch for each of the following showing the polarity of each bond. Describe each molecule as either polar or nonpolar. (b) GaH3 (d) CH2FCl (e) C2H2arrow_forward
- Classify the following bonds as nonpolar, polar, or ionic: (a) the bond in ClF, (b) the bond in CsBr, and (c) the carbon-carbon double bond in C2H4.arrow_forwardConsider the formate ion, HCO2", which is the anion formed when formic acid loses an H* ion. The H and the two O atoms are bonded to the central C atom. (a) Draw the best Lewis structure(s) for this ion. (b) Are resonance structures needed to describe the structure? Explain briefly (c) Would you predict that the C-O bond lengths in the formate ion would be longer or shorter relative to those in CO2? Explain brieflyarrow_forwardAnswer true or false. (a) An ionic bond is formed by the combination of positive and negative ions. (b) An ionic bond between two atoms forms by the transfer of one or more valence electrons from the atom of higher electronegativity to the atom of lower electronegativity. (c) As a rough guideline, we say that an ionic bond will form if the difference in electronegativity between two atoms is approximately 1.9 or greater. (d) In forming NaCl from sodium and chlorine atoms, one electron is transferred from the valence shell of sodium to the valence shell of chlorine. (e) The formula of sodium sulfide is Na2 S. (f) The formula of calcium hydroxide is CaOH. (g) The formula of aluminum sulfide is AlS. (h) The formula of iron(III) oxide is Fe3 O2 . (i) Barium ion is Ba21, and oxide ion is O2 2 ; there- fore, the formula of barium oxide is Ba2 O2 Answer true or flase (d) Both copper(II) oxide and cupric oxide are acceptable names for CuO. (e) The systematic name for Fe2 O3 is iron(II) oxide.…arrow_forward
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