BIOLOGY
5th Edition
ISBN: 9781265202859
Author: BROOKER
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Chapter 4, Problem 9TY
Summary Introduction
Introduction: Every organelle present in a cell performs a specific function. Short amino acid sequences, responsible for directing proteins to their locations, are known as sorting signals. A specific cellular component recognizes its corresponding sorting signal and the protein carrying that signal is redirected to its correct location.
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Select the best explanation of the unfolded protein response (UPR):
O A. The UPR senses misfolded proteins through detection of proteins tagged with polyubiquitin chains and sends them for degradation in the lysosome
B. The UPR senses misfolded proteins through recognition of specific oligosaccharide conformations and sends them for degradation via the
proteasome
C. The UPR senses high levels of misfolded proteins in the ER and activates ubiquitin ligases to add ubiquitin to the misfolded proteins and target them
for secretion from the cell.
D. The UPR senses ER stress in the form of high levels of misfolded proteins and signals the cell to halt translation and induces expression of ER
chaperones
The following results were obtained in early studies on the translation of secretory proteins. Based on what we now know of this process, explain the reason why each result was observed.a. An in vitro translation system consisting only of mRNA and ribosomes resulted in secretory proteins that were larger than the identical protein when translated in a cell.b. A similar system that also included microsomes produced secretory proteins that were identical in size to those found in a cell.c. When the microsomes were added after in vitro translation, the synthesized proteins were again larger than those made in a cell.
In eukaryotic cells, secreted proteins are initially directed to the endoplasmic reticulum and then via the Golgi, where they are released into the extracellular environment through secretory vesicles. A more easier way would be for secretory protein-producing ribosomes to be localised to a translocon in the plasma membrane, with the protein being secreted directly during translation.
Consider three possible benefits of the more roundabout method for protein secretion versus the simpler, more straightforward approach indicated.
Chapter 4 Solutions
BIOLOGY
Ch. 4.1 - What properties of deep-sea vents made them...Ch. 4.1 - Which protobiont seems most similar to todays...Ch. 4.1 - Core Skill: Connections Look back at Figure 3.11....Ch. 4.1 - Prob. 3CCCh. 4.2 - Prob. 1CCCh. 4.2 - Prob. 2CCCh. 4.3 - Prob. 1CSCh. 4.3 - Prob. 1CCCh. 4.3 - Prob. 2CSCh. 4.4 - Prob. 1CS
Ch. 4.4 - Describe the type of movements that occur between...Ch. 4.4 - Prob. 2CSCh. 4.5 - Prob. 1CCCh. 4.5 - Prob. 1CSCh. 4.5 - If we consider the Golgi apparatus as three...Ch. 4.5 - The Nucleus and Endomembrane System Experimental...Ch. 4.5 - Prob. 2EQCh. 4.5 - Prob. 3EQCh. 4.5 - Prob. 3CCCh. 4.6 - Prob. 1CCCh. 4.6 - Core Skill: Connections Look ahead to Figure...Ch. 4.7 - Prob. 1CCCh. 4.7 - Prob. 2CCCh. 4 - The cell theory states that a. all living things...Ch. 4 - Prob. 2TYCh. 4 - Prob. 3TYCh. 4 - Prob. 4TYCh. 4 - Each of the following is part of the endomembrane...Ch. 4 - Prob. 6TYCh. 4 - Functions of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum...Ch. 4 - Prob. 8TYCh. 4 - Prob. 9TYCh. 4 - Which of the following observations would not be...Ch. 4 - What are the four stages that led to the origin of...Ch. 4 - Explain how motor proteins and cytoskeletal...Ch. 4 - Prob. 3CQCh. 4 - Discuss the roles of the genome and proteome in...Ch. 4 - Prob. 2COQ
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