Biological Science (6th Edition)
6th Edition
ISBN: 9780321976499
Author: Scott Freeman, Kim Quillin, Lizabeth Allison, Michael Black, Emily Taylor, Greg Podgorski, Jeff Carmichael
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 40, Problem 16PIAT
MODEL Draw a graph similar to the one above showing how the results would be different if the experiment had been performed on marine bony fish in seawater. (Assume that the osmolarity of seawater is 1100 mOsm and the set point osmolarity of marine bony fishes is 290 mOsm.)
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An animal like salmon that can survive large fluctuations in external osmolarity is called (?????).
Some animals are osmoconformers, meaning that they maintain the tonicity/osmolarity of their body fluids equal to that of the external environment. Hydroids, a type of cnidarian, are osmoconformers. But they don't move and thus are adapted to the environment they live in. A) What would happen if you take a marine hydroid and transfer it into a freshwater aquarium? B) What would happen if you take a freshwater hydroid and transfer it into a saltwater aquarium? C) Sharks are extraordinary osmoconformers. Bull sharks store urea in their tissues and use it to match the tonicity of their tissues to that of the surrounding environment. Some sharks can move from saltwater to freshwater, hypothesize what changes will sharks do in order to adjust when moving from saltwater to freshwater and vice versa. Explain your answer in terms of tonicity and specify the direction of water movement and urea concentration.
Describe the importance of osmolarity in mammalian cells
Chapter 40 Solutions
Biological Science (6th Edition)
Ch. 40 - 1. Which of the following statements is true of...Ch. 40 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 40 - 3. What effect does antidiuretic hormone (ADH)...Ch. 40 - Fill in the blank: In Gila monsters, the organ in...Ch. 40 - Prob. 5TYUCh. 40 - Prob. 6TYUCh. 40 - Prob. 7TYUCh. 40 - 8. Scientists have noted that marine invertebrates...Ch. 40 - Prob. 9TYPSSCh. 40 - Prob. 10TYPSS
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- Calculate the change in osmolarity and the volume of extracellular and intracellular fluid when a hypertonic or hypotonic solution is addedarrow_forwarda) The process by which salmon maintain an internal balance is called osmoregulation. Describe how salmon achieve osmoregulation as they migrate between fresh and saltwater environments. b) Describe what happens to salmon in fresh water. What direction do solutes tend to move via diffusion? What direction does water tend to move via osmosis?arrow_forwardA) Based on the drawings above, which molecules were able to diffuse through the 150 MWCO membrane? B) Which molecules(s) were not able to diffuse? Why not? C) Which side of the chamber had the greater osmolarity/osmotic pressure and how could you tell?arrow_forward
- In the Nernst equation [V = 62 log10 (Co/ Ci)], the term Co represents: the intracellular concentration of calcium the extracellular concentration of potassium the extracellular concentration of sodium the intracellular concentration of potassium the membrane potential (in millivolts)arrow_forwardPredict the fate of a red blood cell placed in each of the solutions below. Explain why these changes would take place. (Calculate osmolarity for each solution). Take into account that some will ionize and some will not. 0.3 M Glucose 0.3 M NaCl 0.15 M NaClarrow_forwardWhich of the following is TRUE of sharks and other osmoconformers? A. The solute concentration inside the organism is maintained at a higher level by active import of solutes. B. The total solute concentration is the same inside and outside of the organism C. The solute concentration inside the organism is maintained at a lower level by active export of solutes. D. The NaCl concentration is the same inside and outside of the organismarrow_forward
- If a person was severely dehydrated and the osmolarity of their blood and tissue fluids was at 500 mOsm/L while their intracellular osmolarity was 300 mOsm/L; explain what would happen via osmosis.arrow_forwardCompare and contrast how water volume and osmolality are regulated.arrow_forwardIn the Nernst equation [V = 62 log10 (Co/ Ci)], the term Co represents: the intracellular concentration of potassium the intracellular concentration of chloride the membrane potential (in millivolts) the extracellular concentration of sodium the extracellular concentration of potassiumarrow_forward
- Draw a beaker that is filled with water. Label the water with an osmolarity of 0.61M. In the water, draw a single Elodea cell (note: Elodea is an aquatic plant) with a cellular osmolarity of 0.42M. Name this drawing with the tonicity term that best describes the solution of the water in the beaker compared to the osmolarity of the Elodea cell. Then describe what will happen to the tonicity of the cell over time. Make sure to explain the direction that water will flow, small molecules will diffuse, and explain what will happen to this cell over time. Make sure you use all of the applicable tonicity terms in your description.arrow_forwarda) 5.5% glucose and 0.9% NaCl have the same osmolarity. What is the osmolarity of these solutions? Please show your work. b) If you soak an animal cell that is permeable to both water and glucose in either 5.5% glucose or 0.9% NaCl (both isosmotic solutions), the cell exposed to 5.5% glucose will gain water, while the cell exposed to 0.9% NaCl will not gain water. Predict why this is the case.arrow_forwardGive typed full explanation Below is a U-tube experiment with a membrane that is selectively permeable to water, but does not allow movement of solute particles. Predict in which direction there will be a net movement of water. -More water will move to the left. -More water will move to the right. -There will be no net flow of water molecules.arrow_forward
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