Biological Science (6th Edition)
6th Edition
ISBN: 9780321976499
Author: Scott Freeman, Kim Quillin, Lizabeth Allison, Michael Black, Emily Taylor, Greg Podgorski, Jeff Carmichael
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 40, Problem 10TYPSS
Summary Introduction
To analyze:
A graph having an independent variable on the x-axis as well as dependent variable on the y-axis, on basis of data, which hypothesizes that the mussels are osmoconformers.
Introduction:
The osmoconformers are the marine organisms that maintain their osmolarity or osmotic pressure similar to that of their surrounding environment. The data in the tabulated form showing water osmolarity and hemolymph osmolarity.
| Water osmolarity (milliosmole per liter or milliosmol/L) | Hemolymph osmolarity (milliosmol/L) |
| 250 | 261 |
| 500 | 503 |
| 750 | 746 |
| 1000 | 992 |
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Students have asked these similar questions
a) 5.5% glucose and 0.9% NaCl have the same osmolarity. What is the osmolarity of these solutions? Please show your work.
b) If you soak an animal cell that is permeable to both water and glucose in either 5.5% glucose or 0.9% NaCl (both isosmotic solutions), the cell exposed to 5.5% glucose will gain water, while the cell exposed to 0.9% NaCl will not gain water. Predict why this is the case.
In the Nernst equation [V = 62 log10 (Co/ Ci)], the term Co represents:
the intracellular concentration of potassium
the intracellular concentration of chloride
the membrane potential (in millivolts)
the extracellular concentration of sodium
the extracellular concentration of potassium
Give only typing answer with explanation and conclusion
Suppose 1 g bolus of solute is injected into a plasma compartment of 3 L. The transfer rate out of the compartment equals 0.7 hr^-1. Solve for the solute concentration. What is the half-life of the solute in the plasma compartment?
Chapter 40 Solutions
Biological Science (6th Edition)
Ch. 40 - 1. Which of the following statements is true of...Ch. 40 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 40 - 3. What effect does antidiuretic hormone (ADH)...Ch. 40 - Fill in the blank: In Gila monsters, the organ in...Ch. 40 - Prob. 5TYUCh. 40 - Prob. 6TYUCh. 40 - Prob. 7TYUCh. 40 - 8. Scientists have noted that marine invertebrates...Ch. 40 - Prob. 9TYPSSCh. 40 - Prob. 10TYPSS
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Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- Based on a hypothesis of the osmolarity of potato tissue, what results might be predicted from this experiment?arrow_forwardA) Consider membrane filtration. What is concentration polarization and why does it occur? B) What are the important parameters that affect the diffusivity in/across membranes and what do The they mean physically? C) Consider the Krogh Cylinder model. What is the physical meaning of the critical radiusand why does it occur?arrow_forwardpart 1 Reaching osmotic balance across a semipermeable membrane for non-charged molecules depends on: a.Relative solute concentration gradient across the membrane b.Relative electrical gradient across the membrane c.Relative solute concentration and electrical gradient across the membrane part 2 The equilibrium of a charged molecule across a semipermeable membrane depends on: a.Relative solute concentration gradient across the membrane b.Relative electrical gradient across the membrane c.Relative solute concentration and electrical gradient across the membranearrow_forward
- Which of the following is TRUE of sharks and other osmoconformers? A. The solute concentration inside the organism is maintained at a higher level by active import of solutes. B. The total solute concentration is the same inside and outside of the organism C. The solute concentration inside the organism is maintained at a lower level by active export of solutes. D. The NaCl concentration is the same inside and outside of the organismarrow_forwardSome animals are osmoconformers, meaning that they maintain the tonicity/osmolarity of their body fluids equal to that of the external environment. Hydroids, a type of cnidarian, are osmoconformers. But they don't move and thus are adapted to the environment they live in. A) What would happen if you take a marine hydroid and transfer it into a freshwater aquarium? B) What would happen if you take a freshwater hydroid and transfer it into a saltwater aquarium? C) Sharks are extraordinary osmoconformers. Bull sharks store urea in their tissues and use it to match the tonicity of their tissues to that of the surrounding environment. Some sharks can move from saltwater to freshwater, hypothesize what changes will sharks do in order to adjust when moving from saltwater to freshwater and vice versa. Explain your answer in terms of tonicity and specify the direction of water movement and urea concentration.arrow_forwardDescribe the importance of osmolarity in mammalian cellsarrow_forward
- Information: Osmotic pressure is the pressure that a solvent exerts against a semipermeable membrane, such as a cell membrane. The higher the solute concentration, the lower the osmotic pressure. Red blood cells have an osmotic pressure equal to that of a 0.90% (m/v) solution of sodium chloride and 5.0% (m/v) solution of dextrose. A solution that has a higher concentration that this is called hypertonic; one with a lower concentration is called hypotonic. Osmotic pressure is an important factor affecting cells. Osmoregulation is the homeostasis mechanism of an organism to reach balance in osmotic pressure.Hypertonicity is the presence of a solution that causes cells to shrink.Hypotonicity is the presence of a solution that causes cells to swell.Isotonicity is the presence of a solution that produces no change in cell volume.When a biological cell is in a hypotonic environment, the cell interior accumulates water, water flows across the cell membrane into the cell, causing it to…arrow_forwarda) The process by which salmon maintain an internal balance is called osmoregulation. Describe how salmon achieve osmoregulation as they migrate between fresh and saltwater environments. b) Describe what happens to salmon in fresh water. What direction do solutes tend to move via diffusion? What direction does water tend to move via osmosis?arrow_forwardin what concentration gradient do water molecules move faster in? would the water molecules move faster when there is a high concentration gradient?arrow_forward
- In the Nernst equation [V = 62 log10 (Co/ Ci)], the term Co represents: the intracellular concentration of calcium the extracellular concentration of potassium the extracellular concentration of sodium the intracellular concentration of potassium the membrane potential (in millivolts)arrow_forwardHere is a chloride cell in the gill epithelium of a fish. For reference, NKA = Na+/K+ ATPaseNKCC = Na+/K+/Cl- cotransporter. (image 1) The same proteins have been identified in shark rectal gland, marine birds and reptiles (salt glands in nostrils), marine fishes (chloride cells in their gills) and mammals that transport salt in their kidneys. (image 2) When biologists were testing the mechanism of salt excretion in sharks, they used a chemical called ouabain to inhibit the Na+/K+ ATPase to see if there was an effect. Which result would you expect to see with ouabain treatment? A. A decrease in Cl- in the epithelial cells. B. An increase in ADP in the epithelial cells. C. An increase in K+ in the epithelial cells. D. A decrease in Na+ in the epithelial cells.arrow_forwardWhat is the osmolarity of the potato cells? The data is attached in two tables.arrow_forward
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